Colorism in employment

Hearing the voices of “Waiguoren” teachers in China

Authors

  • Nilo Castulo Mindanao State University - Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/na0v3814

Keywords:

international students, foreign teachers, global south, colorism, kindergarten employment, China

Abstract

Despite the growing body of literature on international students and foreign teachers in China, research on the transition of international students from the Global South into English-teaching roles remains limited. This study fills this gap by exploring international students’ experiences of their transition from being international students to being foreign teachers. Five international graduates working as foreign English teachers in China were interviewed using a qualitative case study approach. The key findings of the study revealed that international students’ key motivations for remaining in China are driven by economic opportunity, cultural exposure, and community inclusion, while systemic challenges, such as job instability, language barriers, excessive workload, and wage disparities rooted in colorism, are also highlighted. The originality of this study lies in its focus on marginalized foreign teachers labeled waiguoren, whose experiences are often shaped by racialized labor segmentation and neoliberal educational market exploitation.

Author Biography

  • Nilo Castulo, Mindanao State University - Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography

    NILO JAYOMA CASTULO is a professor I in the Department of Educational Leadership and Professional Services, Mindanao State University - Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Bongao, Philippines. He served as the cochair of the Global Migration Group of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) in the United States and as a regional editor of the Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education. He completed his PhD in Comparative Education at the Institute of International and Comparative Education at Beijing Normal University, supported by the ASEAN-China Young Leaders Scholarship. He also holds a master’s degree from Northeast Normal University and a bachelor’s degree from the FEU Institute of Education and is a licensed professional teacher in the Philippines. Dr. Castulo actively serves as the president of the Comparative Education and Students’ Critical Leadership Society at the Philippine Normal University. E-mail: nilocastulo@msutawi-tawi.edu.ph

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Published

2026-04-03

How to Cite

Castulo, N. (2026). Colorism in employment: Hearing the voices of “Waiguoren” teachers in China. Journal of International Students, 16(12), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.32674/na0v3814