How student-led organizations shape STEM pre-service teachers' sense of belonging

Authors

  • Uchenna Emenaha Miles The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
  • Samantha Leishsing University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
  • Janet Solis Rodriguez University of Texas at San Antonio, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/f46x4b78

Keywords:

Belongingness, Post-pandemic, Pre-Service Teachers, Sense of belonging, STEM, Student organizations

Abstract

Student organizations have been shown to have positive effects on students’ wellbeing and academic achievement. This study examines how student-led organizations within a STEM teacher preparation program shape students’ sense of belonging among 27 undergraduate STEM pre-service teachers following the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis revealed that participation in student-led organizations was associated with increases in students’ sense of belonging, socioemotional wellbeing, academic outcomes, and connection to the teaching profession. These findings suggest that student-led organizations can play a pivotal role in fostering prospective teachers’ sense of belonging by creating supportive communities that cultivate their professional growth as they prepare to enter the STEM teaching workforce.

Author Biographies

  • Uchenna Emenaha Miles, The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA

    UCHENNA EMENAHA MILES, PhD, is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her research focuses on culturally responsive practices in STEM education, with an emphasis on equity, identity, and teacher preparation. Email: uchenna.miles@utsa.edu

  • Samantha Leishsing, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA

    Samantha Leihsing, M.A., is a graduate research at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her research interests focus on anti-oppressive social studies teacher preparation and rehumanizing civic education. Email: Samantha.leihsing@utsa.edu

  • Janet Solis Rodriguez, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA

    Janet Solis Rodriguez, PhD, is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Her research focuses on educator preparation and development, with a particular emphasis on educator quality, professional learning, and long-term outcomes. Email: janet.solisrodriguez@utsa.edu

References

Allen, K. A., Gray, D. L., Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2022). The need to belong: A deep dive into the origins, implications, and future of a foundational construct. Educational Psychology Review, 34(2), 1133–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6

Allen, K. A. (2020). The psychology of belonging. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780429327681

Appleby J. A., King N., Saunders K. E., Bast A., Rivera D., Byun J., Cunningham S. Khera C., & Duffy A. C. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experience and mental health of university students studying in Canada and the UK: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 24(12), 1–13.

Backes, B., Goldhaber, D., Cade, W., Sullivan, K., & Dodson, M. (2018). Can UTeach? Assessing the relative effectiveness of STEM teachers. Economics of Education Review, 64, 184-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.05.002

Baumeister R. F., Leary M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. Crossref PubMed. ISI.

Bjorklund Jr, P., Warstadt, M. F., & Daly, A. J. (2021). Finding satisfaction in belonging: Preservice teacher subjective well-being and its relationship to belonging, trust, and self-efficacy. Frontiers in Education (Lausanne), 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.639435

Bond, N. (2011). Preparing preservice teachers to become teacher leaders. The Educational Forum (West Lafayette, Ind.), 75(4), 280–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2011.602578

Bond, N., & Sterrett, W. (2014). Developing teacher leaders through honorary professional organizations in education: Focus on the college student officers. Education (Chula Vista), 135(1), 25–38.

Campbell-Montalvo, R., Cooke, H., Smith, C. A. S., Hughes Miller, M., Wao, H., Puccia, E., Mayberry, M., & Skvoretz, J. (2022). “Now I’m not afraid”: The influence of identity-focused STEM professional organizations on the persistence of sexual and gender minority undergraduates in STEM. Frontiers in Education (Lausanne), 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.780331

Carver-Thomas, D. & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher Turnover: Why it matters and what can we do about it. Learning Policy Institute.

Chaffee, R., Bjorklund Jr, P., Braverman, C., Gupta, P., Hammerness, K., Daly, A. J., MacPherson, A., Adams, J. D., Abouelkheir, M., Francis, J., Hinton, P.-S. L., Lagodich, L., & Wu, L. (2025). Finding peers “like me”: Student strategies for increasing belonging and flourishing in STEM. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 97, Article 101758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2025.101758

Cueto S., Guerrero G., Sugimaru C., & Zevallos A. M. (2009). Sense of belonging and transition to high schools in Peru. International Journal of Educational Development, 30(3), 277–287. https:// doi. org/10. 1016/j. ijedu dev. 2009. 02. 002

De Sisto M., Huq A., Dickinson G. (2021). Sense of belonging in second-year undergraduate students: The value of extra-curricular activities. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(5), 1727–1742. Crossref

Dunkel, N. W., Schuh, J. H., & Chrystal-Green, N. E. (2014). Advising student groups and organizations (Second edition.). Jossey-Bass.

Espinosa, L. (2011). Pipelines and Pathways: Women of color in undergraduate STEM majors and the college experiences that contribute to persistence. Harvard Educational Review, 81(2), 209–241. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.81.2.92315ww157656k3u

Gray, M. J., Yacobian, J. N., & Shortlidge, E. E. (2025). Elements of social capital and counterspace processes contribute to undergraduate STEM student development of a sense of belonging. Science Education (Salem, Mass.), 109(3), 911–927. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21947

Feser, M. S., & Plotz, T. (2023). Exploring the validity of a single-item instrument for assessing pre-service primary school teachers’ sense of belonging to science. Open Education Studies, 5(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0191

Heider, K. L. (2021). Isolation, burnout, and a lost sense of belonging: Combating the challenges of distance education during a pandemic. Distance Learning, 18(1), 25–35.

Johnson, M. D., Sprowles, A. E., Goldenberg, K. R., & al. (2020). Effect of a place-based learning community on belonging, persistence, and equity gaps for first-year STEM students. Innovative Higher Education, 45, 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-020-09519-5

Kelly, M. L., Nieuwoudt, J., Willis, R., & Lee, M. F. (2024). Belonging, enjoyment, motivation, and retention: University students’ sense of belonging before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Retention : Research, Theory & Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/15210251241231242

Kuttner, P. J. (2023). The right to belong in school: A critical, transdisciplinary

conceptualization of school belonging. AERA Open, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584231183407

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation (Fourth edition.). Wiley.

National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Characteristics of public school teachers. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr

Ouedraogo-Thomas, R. & Emenaha Miles, U (in press). Centering Black girls: Using CRP and BlackCrit to disrupt bias in STEM spaces, American Journal of STEM Education,

Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students’ Need for Belonging in the School Community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070003323

Probst, B. (2015). The eye regards itself: Benefits and challenges of reflexivity in qualitative social work research. Social Work Research, 39(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svu028

Reed, S. C., Rosenberg, H., Statham, A., & Rosing, H. (2015). The effect of community service learning on undergraduate persistence in three institutional contexts. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 21(2), 22–36.

Riley K. (2022). Compassionate leadership for school belonging. UCL Press.

Roberts, K., Dowell, A., & Nie, J.-B. (2019). Attempting rigor and replicability in thematic analysis of qualitative research data; a case study of codebook development. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0707-y

Roberts, T. G., Harlin, J. F., Murphrey, T. P., & Dooley, K. E. (2007). Enhancing the undergraduate experience: The role of a student organization for preservice agricultural science teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 48(1), 117-. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.01117

Rodriguez, S. L., & Blaney, J. M. (2021). “We’re the unicorns in STEM”: Understanding how academic and social experiences influence sense of belonging for Latina undergraduate students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 14(3), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000176

Sanders O’Leary, E., Shapiro, C., Toma, S., Sayson, H. W., Levis-Fitzgerald, M., Johnson, T., & Sork, V. L. (2020). Creating inclusive classrooms by engaging STEM faculty in culturally responsive teaching workshops. International Journal of STEM Education, 7, Article 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00227-5

Skipper Y., Fay M. (2023). The relationship between the sense of belonging, mental wellbeing and stress in students of law and psychology in an English University. European Journal of Legal Education, 4(1), 5–25. https://www.ejle.eu/index.php/EJLE/article/view/62/32

Soria, K. M., Troisi, J. N., & Stebleton, M. J. (2012). Reaching out, connecting within: Community service participation and sense of belonging among college students. Higher Education in Review, 9, 65-68

Sutcher, L., Darling-Hammond, L., & Carver-Thomas, D. (2019). Understanding teacher shortages: An analysis of teacher supply and demand in the United States. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(35), 35-. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3696

Tice, D., Baumeister, R., Crawford, J., Allen, K.-A., & Percy, A. (2021). Student belongingness in higher education: Lessons for professors from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.2

Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89-125. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543045001089

UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 educational disruption and response. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educa

UTeach Institute. (2024). UTeach national expansion spring 2024.https://institute.uteach.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/documents/UTeach National-Snapshot-Spring-2024.pdf

Wilson D., Jones D., Bocell F., Crawford J., Kim M. J., Veilleux N., Floyd-Smith T., Bates R., Plett M. (2015). Belonging and academic engagement among undergraduate STEM students: A multi-institutional study. Research in Higher Education, 56(0), 750–776. Crossref

Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Belonging and the politics of belonging. Patterns of Prejudice, 40(3), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220600769331

Downloads

Published

2025-09-13

Issue

Section

Evidence-Based Innovations in STEM Teacher Preparation

How to Cite

Emenaha Miles, U., Leishsing, S., & Solis Rodriguez, J. . (2025). How student-led organizations shape STEM pre-service teachers’ sense of belonging. American Journal of STEM Education, 16, 77-94. https://doi.org/10.32674/f46x4b78