Learning mode, university students’ mental health, and acculturative stress

A cross-sectional study of Chinese international students in Melbourne, Australia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/bzdqb085

Keywords:

Online learning, Hybrid learning, Chinese international students, Depression, Anxiety, Acculturative stress

Abstract

This study examines the association between the learning mode and the mental health of Chinese international students (CIS) in Australia and the potential mediating role of acculturative stress. One hundred and twenty-two CIS were recruited through an online survey and assigned to either the in-person or hybrid learning group according to their mode of learning. Depression, anxiety, and acculturative stress were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Acculturative Stress Scale for Chinese College Students (ASSCS), respectively. The results indicated that compared with participation in in-person learning, participation in hybrid learning was associated with higher levels of self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Acculturative stress was found to play a mediating role in this association.

 

Author Biographies

  • Peixin Zuo, Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne

    Peixin Zuo, M.Ed., is a PhD candidate at the Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing in the University of Melbourne. Her major research interests lie in the area of student mental health, acculturation, higher education research. 

  • Ann Gowing, Youth Research Collective, Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne

    Ann Gowing, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education at the University of Melbourne. Her major research interests lie in the area of student wellbeing, teacher education, relationality studies.

  • Anurika De Silva, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne

    Anurika De Silva, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics in the University of Melbourne. Her primary research interest is multiple imputation for missing longitudinal data.

  • Harry Minas, Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne

    Harry Minas is a Principal Fellow at Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne. He is a psychiatrist working in global and cultural mental health. His research interests lie in mental health systems, equity and human rights, and suicide prevention in immigrants and refugees. 

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2026-04-14

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Vol. 16 No. 13 (2026): Journal of International Students

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Zuo, P., Gowing, A., De Silva, A., & Minas, H. (2026). Learning mode, university students’ mental health, and acculturative stress: A cross-sectional study of Chinese international students in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of International Students, 16(13), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.32674/bzdqb085