Speaking science in a foreign tongue

Plurilingual voices in U.S. universities

Authors

  • Wilhelmina Antwi The Pennsylvania State University, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/3ad6hy78

Keywords:

Academic challenges, International students, Linguistic adaptation, Plurilingualism, STEM education

Abstract

The internationalization of STEM education has significantly transformed academic discourse in U.S. universities. However, research on how non-native English-speaking STEM students navigate linguistic challenges remains limited. This gap is especially important given that over half of the international students in the U.S. are enrolled in STEM fields, where technical language adds complexity to academic communication. Drawing on Communication Accommodation Theory and translingual perspectives, this study examines how international STEM graduate students navigate language barriers at their host institutions. Through in-depth interviews with 10 international graduate students from Africa and Asia, our analysis reveals systemic challenges, including inadequate institutional support and integration difficulties. 

References

Bordini, R. A., Münscher, J.-C., Baumgartner, K. A., Hagos, S., Hornig, J., Gampe, S., Yaman, B., Korn, O., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2021). Strangers in a strange land: Designing a mobile application to combat loneliness and isolation among foreign university students. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00171-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00171-6

Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26, 120–123.

Dragojevic, M., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory (pp. 1–21). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic006

Gallois, C., & Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory. In The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction (pp. 1–18). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi066

García, O., & Wei, L. (2014). Translanguaging. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765

Giles, H. (Ed.). (2016). Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226537 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226537

Girmay, M., & Singh, G. K. (2019). Social isolation, loneliness, and mental and emotional well-being among international students in the united states. International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.82 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.82

Institute of International Education. (2023). The open doors report on international educational exchange. https://opendoorsdata.org/data/international-students/leading-places-of-origin/

Jeong, N., Sefik, E., Shiu, F., & Arzua, T. (2021). Investing in international graduate students for the scientific endeavour keeps the United States competitive. Journal of Science Policy & Governance, 18. https://doi.org/10.38126/JSPG180304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38126/JSPG180304

Johnson, K. (2020). 21st Century international higher education hotspots: International student mobility growth in non-traditional destination countries. Journal of International Students, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1851 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1851

Khubchandani, L. M. (1997). Revisualizing boundaries: A plurilingual ethos / Lachman M. Khubchandani. Sage Publications.

Korhonen, V. (2023a). International students in the U.S. 2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/237681/international-students-in-the-us/

Korhonen, V. (2023b). International students in the U.S., by country of origin 2022/23. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233880/international-students-in-the-us-by-country-of-origin/

Leimgruber, J. R. E. (2022). Analysis of communication accommodation. In Analysis of the Societal Treatment of Language (pp. 66–78). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108867788.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108867788.007

Leong, P. (2015). Coming to America: Assessing the patterns of acculturation, friendship formation, and the academic experiences of international students at a. U.S college. Journal of International Students, 5(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.408

Long, E. R., Poppi, F., & Radighieri, S. (2019). English as a lingua franca in the academic context: The role of university language centres. Linguæ & - Rivista Di Lingue e Culture Moderne, 18(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7358/ling-2019-001-long DOI: https://doi.org/10.7358/ling-2019-001-long

Marshall, S., & Moore, D. (2018). Plurilingualism amid the panoply of lingualisms: Addressing critiques and misconceptions in education. International Journal of Multilingualism, 15(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1253699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1253699

Mason, L., Martel, M., & Baer, J. (2023). Student global mobility during disruption: The resilience and redefinition of us international educational exchange during the covid-19 pandemic. In A. W. Wiseman, C. Matherly, & M. Crumley-Effinger (Eds.), Internationalization and Imprints of the Pandemic on Higher Education Worldwide (Vol. 44, pp. 73–91). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920230000044005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920230000044005

Mazak, C. M., & Carroll, K. S. (2016). Translanguaging in Higher Education: Beyond Monolingual Ideologies. In Multilingual Matters. Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783096657

Naka, L., & Spahija, D. (2022). Impact of English language as a human capital in the higher education institutions’ development strategy. Corporate and Business Strategy Review, 3(2, special issue), 262. https://virtusinterpress.org/Impact-of-English-language-as-a-human-capital-in-the-higher-education-institutions-development-strategy.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv3i2siart7

Navarro, F., Lillis, T., Donahue, T., Curry, M. J., Reyes, N. Á., Gustafsson, M., Zavala, V., Lauría, D., Lukin, A., McKinney, C., Feng, H., & Motta-Roth, D. (2022). Rethinking English as a lingua franca in scientific-academic contexts: A position statement. Journal of English for Research Publication Purposes, 3(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1075/jerpp.21012.nav DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jerpp.21012.nav

Palmer, Y. (2015). The not-so-easy road of overseas study: Life like an outsider. Journal of International Students, 5(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.414

Rodriguez, Y. (2018). Influences on international students’ selection of a regional U.S. institution: A descriptive study. Masters Theses. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3599

Roshid, M. M., & Ibna Seraj, P. M. (2023). Interrogating higher education’s responses to international student mobility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 9(3), e13921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13921 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13921

Saha, N. (2014). International students and scholars in the United States: Coming from abroad. Journal of International Students, 4(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v4i3.469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v4i3.469

Scharp, K. M., & Sanders, M. L. (2019). What is a theme? Teaching thematic analysis in qualitative communication research methods. Communication Teacher, 33(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2018.1536794 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2018.1536794

Shadowen, N. L., Williamson, A. A., Guerra, N. G., Ammigan, R., & Drexler, M. L. (2019). Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among International Students: Implications for University Support Offices. Journal of International Students, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i1.277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i1.277

Suzina, A. C. (2021). English as lingua franca. Or the sterilisation of scientific work. Media, Culture & Society, 43(1), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957906

Urban, E., & Palmer, L. B. (2016). International students’ perceptions of the value of U.S. higher education. Journal of International Students, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.486

Wei, L. (2018). Translanguaging as a Practical Theory of Language. Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039

Williams, C. (1994). An evaluation of teaching and learning methods in the context of bilingual secondary education [Bangor University]. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/arfarniad-o-ddulliau-dysgu-ac-addysgu-yng-nghyddestun-addysg-uwchradd-ddwyieithog(fc2ad869-3609-4a10-afc4-08180793fd70).html

Woodend, J., Fedoruk, L., Beek, A., Roy, S., Xu, X., Groen, J., & Li, X. (2019). The privileging of English language use in academia: Critical reflections from an international doctoral seminar. Emerging Trends in Education, 2. https://doi.org/10.19136/etie.a2n3.3058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19136/etie.a2n3.3058

Yomtov, D., Plunkett, S. W., Efrat, R., & Marin, A. G. (2017). Can peer mentors improve first-year experiences of university students? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 19(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115611398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115611398

Additional Files

Published

2026-03-07

How to Cite

Antwi, W. (2026). Speaking science in a foreign tongue: Plurilingual voices in U.S. universities. American Journal of STEM Education, 21, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.32674/3ad6hy78