Interdisciplinary situational teaching for postgraduate connotative development
An integrated perspective of scaffolding theory and symbolic interactionism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/sygw8g70Keywords:
Connotative development, Interdisciplinary courses, Scaffolding theory, Symbolic interaction theory, Educational qualityAbstract
As China’s higher education shifts toward connotative development, graduate education must prioritize quality enhancement and structural optimization. This study investigates how interdisciplinary courses foster connotative development by integrating scaffolding theoryandsymbolic interaction theory, examining their impact on cognitive growth and social interaction. Through semi-structured interviews with seven graduate students from Chinese-foreign cooperative programs, the research identifies key factors, teacher guidance, course design, and group collaboration that shape learning methods, knowledge transfer, and critical thinking. Findings reveal that guided teaching, social issue discussions, and experiential learning in interdisciplinary settings promote independent exploration and multidisciplinary perspectives, offering an innovative model for graduate education reform. The study provides theoretical insights and practical strategies to advance connotative development in China’s higher education system.
References
Arocena, R., & Sutz, J. (2021). Universities and social innovation for global sustainable development as seen from the south. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120399
Barnett, K. B., Livingston, E., Perdue, B., Morgan, P. D., & Fogel, J. (2017). A mixed-method exploratory study of interprofessional education in social work at historically Black colleges and universities: A faculty perspective. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(5), 394-411. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2017.1289875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2017.1289875
Bassachs, M., Cañabate, D., Serra, T., & Colomer, J. (2020). Interdisciplinary cooperative educational approaches to foster knowledge and competences for sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(20), 8624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208624
Bruce, A., Lyall, C., Tait, J., & Williams, R. (2004). Interdisciplinary integration in Europe: the case of the Fifth Framework programme. Futures, 36(4), 457-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2003.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2003.10.003
Carter, M. J., & Fuller, C. (2016). Symbols, meaning, and action: The past, present, and future of symbolic interactionism. Current Sociology, 64(6), 931-961. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116638396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116638396
Charmaz, K., Harris, S. R., & Irvine, L. (2019). The social self and everyday life: Understanding the world through symbolic interactionism. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Social_Self_and_Everyday_Life.html?id=CoxyDwAAQBAJ
Chen, Y., Sun, J., Chen, H., & Chen, J. (2024). A visual analysis and reflection on research hotspots in graduate student guidance relationship based on CiteSpace. University Education, 08, 94-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/jetm.v8i4.21684
Core, M. G., Georgila, K., Nye, B. D., Auerbach, D., Liu, Z. F., & DiNinni, R. (2016). Learning, adaptive support, student traits, and engagement in scenario-based learning. In Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC). https://kgeorgila.github.io/publications/core_iitsec16.pdf
Costley, C., & Abukari, A. (2015). The impact of work-based research projects at postgraduate level. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 7(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-10-2015-006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-10-2015-006
Chen, M., Chai, C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., & Jiang, M. Y. C. (2021). Teachers’ conceptions of teaching Chinese descriptive composition with interactive spherical video-based virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 591708. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591708
Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of studies in international education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002
Garg, S. (2025). Examining the perspectives and attitudes of ESL students toward idioms in second language classrooms. Journal of International Students, 15(7), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.32674/jvx2w893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jvx2w893
Gidley, J. M., Hampson, G. P., Wheeler, L., & Bereded-Samuel, E. (2010). From access to success: An integrated approach to quality higher education informed by social inclusion theory and practice. Higher Education Policy, 23(1), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2009.24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2009.24
Healey, M., & Healey, R. L. (2017). Students as partners and change agents in learning and teaching in higher education. https://healeyheconsultants.co.uk/students-as-partners-and-change-agents
Hursen, C., & Fasli, F. G. (2017). Investigating the efficiency of scenario-based learning and reflective learning approaches in teacher education. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 6(2), 264-279. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2017.2.264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2017.2.264
Justice, C., Rice, J., Warry, W., Inglis, S., Miller, S., & Sammon, S. (2007). Inquiry in higher education: Reflections and directions on course design and teaching methods. Innovative Higher Education, 31(4), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-006-9021-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-006-9021-9
Jinhui, L., & Mengjin, L. (2019). A discussion on improving the quality of Chinese-foreign cooperative education. In Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools (pp. 3-14). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2016.1237845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122588-2
Jinhui, L. (2019). Basic relationships among scale, quality, and benefits in Chinese-foreign cooperative education. In Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools (pp. 26-42). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2016.1237847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122588-4
Kermani, H., & Brenner, M. E. (2000). Maternal scaffolding in the child's zone of proximal development across tasks: Cross-cultural perspectives. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 15(1), 30-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540009594774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540009594774
Klein, J. T. (2017). Typologies of interdisciplinarity. The Oxford handbook of interdisciplinarity, 2, 21-34. https://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=d1XjDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA21&dq=Klein,+2017,+interdisciplinary+courses&ots=9OQEuZMrbk&sig=AbmwQ0QYBkoWST3xatfIiFwrvlo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Klein%2C%202017%2C%20interdisciplinary%20courses&f=false
Könings, K. D., van Zundert, M., & van Merriënboer, J. J. (2019). Scaffolding peer-assessment skills: Risk of interference with learning domain-specific skills?. Learning and Instruction, 60, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.11.007
Kurteš, S., Larina, T., & Ozyumenko, V. (2017). Constructivist approach to intercultural communication teaching and learning. In Edulearn17 Proceedings (pp. 591-597). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1127
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of studies in international education, 8(1), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge university press. https://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CAVIOrW3vYAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=Lave,+Wenger,+1991&ots=OEpAws_IFk&sig=FY8tPf4aWBY5JDrtK9ejEsoqiXQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Lave%2C%20Wenger%2C%201991&f=false
Lester, S., & Costley, C. (2010). Work‐based learning at higher education level: Value, practice and critique. Studies in higher education, 35(5), 561-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903216635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903216635
Li, P., & Liang, H. (2020). Factors influencing learning effectiveness of educational travel: A case study in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.10.001
Lufler, R. S., Lazarus, M. D., & Stefanik, J. J. (2020). The spectrum of learning and teaching: The impact of a fourth-year anatomy course on medical student knowledge and confidence. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1872
Marginson, S. (2022). Research on international and global higher education: Six different perspectives. Oxford Review of Education, 48(4), 421-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2022.2087619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2022.2087619
Miller, D. L. (1973). George Herbert Mead: Symbolic interaction and social change. The Psychological Record, 23(3), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394172
Naidu, S., Menon, M., Gunawardena, C., Lekamge, D., & Karunanayaka, S. (2007). How scenario-based learning can engender reflective practice in distance education. Finding Your Voice Online: Stories Told by Experienced Online Educators. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203825167-10/scenario-based-learning-engender-reflective-practice-distance-education
Neuman, M., Perrone, C., & Mossa, A. (2022). Applied research by design: an experimental collaborative and interdisciplinary design charrette. European Planning Studies, 30(6), 1013-1033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.1911956
Qiu, R., Schiavo, M., & Coryell, J. E. (2024). Transitioning from Italy to the United States: Intercultural learning and living experience of two doctoral students. Journal of International Students, 14(3), 212-224. https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3505944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i3.5681
Robinson, J. D., & Persky, A. M. (2020). Developing self-directed learners. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(3), 847512. doi.org/10.5688/ajpe847512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe847512
Robinson, K. S. (2017). How graduate teaching assistants experience teaching preparation for higher education: A symbolic interactionist study (Doctoral dissertation, Miami University). http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami15112773925517
Rodriguez, M., ROMAN, B. Z., Mohamed, M., & Barthelemy, R. (2024). Social and cultural barriers reported by STEM international graduate students of color. Journal of International Students, 14(3), 276-302. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i3.6694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i3.6694
Routhe, H. W., Holgaard, J. E., & Kolmos, A. (2024). Students’ learning of management and leadership in engineering education–a literature review. European Journal of Engineering Education, 49(3), 540-576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2023.2299279
Shumack, K. (2009). Design and the conversational self. University of Canberra. https://researchsystem.canberra.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/43614486/02whole.pdf
Spouse, J. (2001). Bridging theory and practice in the supervisory relationship: a sociocultural perspective. Journal of advanced nursing, 33(4), 512-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01683.x
Stearns, P. N. (2009). Educating global citizens in colleges and universities: Challenges and opportunities. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203885185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203885185
Sum, N. L., & Jessop, B. (2013). Competitiveness, the knowledge-based economy and higher education. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4(1), 24-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0121-8
Taguchi, N., Li, Q., & Tang, X. (2017). Learning Chinese formulaic expressions in a scenario‐based interactive environment. Foreign Language Annals, 50(4), 641-660. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12292
Van Der Stuyf, R. R. (2002). Scaffolding as a teaching strategy. Adolescent Learning and Development, 52(3), 5-18. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58867028/Scaffolding_as_a_Teaching_Strategy20190411-39375-kajifs-libre.pdf
Van der Merwe, L. (2008). Scenario-based strategy in practice: A framework. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(2), 216-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422307313321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422307313321
Wang, X., & Liu, J. (2011). China’s higher education expansion and the task of economic revitalization. Higher Education, 62(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9383-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9383-x
Wieder, D. L. (2017). On meaning by rule. In Everyday Life (pp. 106-135). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351327329-5/meaning-rule-lawrence-wieder DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351327329-5
Wilson, K., & Devereux, L. (2014). Scaffolding theory: High challenge, high support in Academic Language and Learning (ALL) contexts. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 8(3), A91-A100. https://journal.aall.org.au/index.php/jall/article/view/353
Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 17(2), 89-100. https://sachafund.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/wood_et_al-1976-journal_of_child_psychology_and_psychiatry.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x
Xu, J., Xu, N., Zhang, F., Wang, H., Li, H., & Yuan, L. (2025). Research on the indicator system of scholarship of teaching and learning ability for medical teachers in the context of new medical science—based on the grounded theory method. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07612-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07612-x
Zhang, K., & Ting, S. H. (2025). Prior cross-cultural exposure and cross-cultural adaptation of Asian and non-Asian international students in China. Journal of International Students, 15(7), 65-84. https://doi.org/10.32674/a65sbb31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/a65sbb31
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of International Students

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) [year] [author]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0












