Examining the Correlation between American Students’ Cultural Intelligence, Political Affiliations, and Their Social Distances from Their International Peers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v0i0.81Keywords:
American Students, cultural intelligence, international students, international student mobility, political affliation, social distanceAbstract
Guided by the theories of cultural intelligence and social distance, the purpose of this quantitative non-experimental study was to determine whether first-year American-born college students’ political party affiliations and cultural intelligence (CQ) relate to their self-reported social distances (SDs) from international students. One hundred and twenty-one first-year college students at a 4-year Midwestern university participated in this study. Regression analysis showed that political party affiliation (β = .194, t = 3.074, p = .003), metacognitive CQ (β = −.239, t = −.2.885, p = .005), motivational CQ (β = −.363, t = −4.225, p = .001), and behavioral CQ (β = −.215, t = −3.078, p = .003) of American-born college students were statistically significant predictors of their social distances from international peers. However, cognitive CQ (β = .009, t = .112, p = .911) was not a statistically significant predictor of social distance between these two groups of students.
References
Allport, G. W. (1979). The nature of prejudice. New York: Basic books.
Bense, K. (2016). Review: International teacher mobility and migration: A review and synthesis of the current empirical research and literature. Educational Research Review, 17, 37-49. Doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2015.12.001
Bergh, A., Mirkina, I., & Nilsson, T. (2016). Do the poor benefit from globalization regardless of institutional quality? Applied Economics Letters, 23(10), 708-712. doi:10.1080/13504851.2015.1102835
Bierwiaczonek, K., Waldzus, S., & Zee, K. d. (2017). Protective or harmful? Exploring the ambivalent role of social identification as a moderator of intergroup stress in sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 60, 1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.06.004
Butz, N. T., & Askim-Lovseth, M. K. (2015). Oral communication skills assessment in a synchronous hybrid MBA Programme: does attending face-to-face matter for US and international students? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(4), 624-639. Doi:10.1080/02602938.2014.940577
Buzzelli, A. (2016). Developing learning outcomes for a collaborative event: Highlighting a recreational soccer tournament designed to connect international and domestic students. Recreational Sports Journal, 40(1), 82-92. Doi:10.1123/rsj.2014-0068
Caplan, N. A., & Stevens, S. G. (2017). “Step Out of the Cycle”: Needs, challenges, and successes of international undergraduates at a U.S. University. English for Specific Purposes, 46, 15-28. Doi: 10.1016/j.esp.2016.11.003
Collier, D. A., Rosch, D. M., & Houston, D. A. (2017). Effects of participation in formal leadership training in international students compared to domestic students: A national study. Journal of Leadership Education, 16(2), 148-165. Doi:10.12806/V16/I2/R9
Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Zuzovsky, R. (2016). Quantitative and qualitative teacher shortage and the turnover phenomenon. International Journal of Educational Research, 77, 83-91. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2016.03.005
Duvivier, R. J., Burch, V. C., & Boulet, J. R. (2017). A comparison of physician emigration from Africa to the United States of America between 2005 and 2015. Human Resources for Health, 15, 1-12. Doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0217-0
El-Awaisi, A., Wilby, K. J., Wilbur, K., El Hajj, M. S., Awaisu, A., & Paravattil, B. (2017). A Middle Eastern journey of integrating interprofessional education into the healthcare curriculum: a SWOC analysis. BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 1-15. Doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0852-5
Fahad, A. (2015). Sociolinguistic challenges faced by Iraqi graduate students at U.S. Universities: A case study for Iraqi graduate students at the University of Cincinnati. Arab World English Journal, 6(1), 366-377. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com
Fu, X., Hou, J., & Sanfilippo, M. (2017). Highly skilled returnees and the internationalization of EMNEs: Firm level evidence from China. International Business Review, 26, 579-591. Doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.11.007
Gautam, C., Lowery, C. L., Mays, C., & Durant, D. (2016). Challenges for global learners: A Qualitative Study of the Concerns and Difficulties of International Students. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 501-526. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com
Geary, D. (2016). How do we get people to interact? International students and the American experience. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 527-541. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1094887
Harwood, J., Joyce, N., Chen, C., Paolini, S., Xiang, J., & Rubin, M. (2017). Effects of past and present intergroup communication on perceived fit of an outgroup member and desire for future intergroup contact. Communication Research, 44(4), 530-555. Doi:10.1177/0093650214565926
Huhn, D., Huber, J., Ippen, F. M., Eckart, W., Junne, F., Zipfel, S., & ... Nikendei, C. (2016). International medical students' expectations and worries at the beginning of their medical education: a qualitative focus group study. BMC Medical Education, 16, 33. Doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0549-9
Imamura, M., & Zhang, Y. B. (2014). Functions of the common in-group identity model and acculturation strategies in intercultural communication: American host nationals’ communication with Chinese international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43(Part B), 227-238. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.08.018
Institute of International Education. (2017). "Top 25 places of origin of International students, 2013/14-2014/15." Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/opendoors
Krasulja, N., Blagojevic, M. V., & Radojevic, I. (2016). Brain drain – The positive and negative aspects of the phenomenon. Ekonomika, 62(3), 131-142. Doi:10.5937/ekonomika1603131K
Lee, C., Lee, C., & Chiou, Y. (2017). Insurance activities, globalization, and economic growth: New methods, new evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2017.05.006. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.05.006
Lee, E. J. (2016). International and American students' perceptions of informal English conversations. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 14-34. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1083267
Lombard, C. A. (2014). Coping with anxiety and rebuilding identity: A psychosynthesis approach to culture shock. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(2), 174-199. Doi:10.1080/09515070.2013.875887
Lu, X., & Zhang, W. (2015). The reversed brain drain: A mixed-method study of the reversed migration of Chinese overseas scientists. Science Technology & Society, 20(3), 279-299. Doi:10.1177/0971721815597127
Okeja, U. (2017). Reverse migration, brain drain and global justice. South African Journal of Philosophy, 36(1), 133-143. Doi:10.1080/02580136.2016.1275469
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783. Doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
Rose-Redwood, C., & Rose-Redwood, R. (2017). Rethinking the politics of the international student experience in the age of trump. Journal of International Students, 7(3), 9-I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/1902047737?accountid=28180
Ruble, R. A., & Zhang, Y. B. (2013). Stereotypes of Chinese international students held by Americans. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 202-211. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.12.004
Schumann, S., Klein, O., Douglas, K., & Hewstone, M. (2017). Full length article: When is computer-mediated intergroup contact most promising? Examining the effect of outgroup members' anonymity on prejudice. Computers in Human Behavior, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.006. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.006
Tawagi, A. L., & Mak, A. S. (2015). Cultural inclusiveness contributing to international students' intercultural attitudes: Mediating role of intergroup contact variables. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 25(4), 340-354. Doi:10.1002/casp.2218
Tierney, W., & Lanford, M. (2015). An investigation of the impact of international branch campuses on organizational culture. Higher Education, 70(2), 283-298. Doi: 10.1007/s10734-014-9845-7
Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2008). Handbook of Cultural Intelligence. Armonk, N.Y.: Routledge.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L. and Koh, C. (2012), Sub-Dimensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence. Social and personality psychology compass, 6, 295–313. Doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012. 00429.x
World Bank (2017). World development report. Digital dividends overview. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/961621467994698644/pdf/102724-WDR-WDR2016Overview-ENGLISH-WebResBox-394840B-OUO-9.pdf
Zabo, A., Ward, C., & Jose, P. E. (2016). Uprooting stress, coping, and anxiety: A longitudinal study of international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 23(2), 190-208. Doi: 10.1037/a0039771
Zhen, L., Heath, M. A., Jackson, A. P., Allen, G. K., Fischer, L., & Chan, P. (2017). Acculturation experiences of Chinese international students who attend American universities. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 48(1), 11-21. Doi: 10.1037/pro0000117
Bense, K. (2016). Review: International teacher mobility and migration: A review and synthesis of the current empirical research and literature. Educational Research Review, 17, 37-49. Doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2015.12.001
Bergh, A., Mirkina, I., & Nilsson, T. (2016). Do the poor benefit from globalization regardless of institutional quality? Applied Economics Letters, 23(10), 708-712. doi:10.1080/13504851.2015.1102835
Bierwiaczonek, K., Waldzus, S., & Zee, K. d. (2017). Protective or harmful? Exploring the ambivalent role of social identification as a moderator of intergroup stress in sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 60, 1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.06.004
Butz, N. T., & Askim-Lovseth, M. K. (2015). Oral communication skills assessment in a synchronous hybrid MBA Programme: does attending face-to-face matter for US and international students? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(4), 624-639. Doi:10.1080/02602938.2014.940577
Buzzelli, A. (2016). Developing learning outcomes for a collaborative event: Highlighting a recreational soccer tournament designed to connect international and domestic students. Recreational Sports Journal, 40(1), 82-92. Doi:10.1123/rsj.2014-0068
Caplan, N. A., & Stevens, S. G. (2017). “Step Out of the Cycle”: Needs, challenges, and successes of international undergraduates at a U.S. University. English for Specific Purposes, 46, 15-28. Doi: 10.1016/j.esp.2016.11.003
Collier, D. A., Rosch, D. M., & Houston, D. A. (2017). Effects of participation in formal leadership training in international students compared to domestic students: A national study. Journal of Leadership Education, 16(2), 148-165. Doi:10.12806/V16/I2/R9
Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Zuzovsky, R. (2016). Quantitative and qualitative teacher shortage and the turnover phenomenon. International Journal of Educational Research, 77, 83-91. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2016.03.005
Duvivier, R. J., Burch, V. C., & Boulet, J. R. (2017). A comparison of physician emigration from Africa to the United States of America between 2005 and 2015. Human Resources for Health, 15, 1-12. Doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0217-0
El-Awaisi, A., Wilby, K. J., Wilbur, K., El Hajj, M. S., Awaisu, A., & Paravattil, B. (2017). A Middle Eastern journey of integrating interprofessional education into the healthcare curriculum: a SWOC analysis. BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 1-15. Doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0852-5
Fahad, A. (2015). Sociolinguistic challenges faced by Iraqi graduate students at U.S. Universities: A case study for Iraqi graduate students at the University of Cincinnati. Arab World English Journal, 6(1), 366-377. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com
Fu, X., Hou, J., & Sanfilippo, M. (2017). Highly skilled returnees and the internationalization of EMNEs: Firm level evidence from China. International Business Review, 26, 579-591. Doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.11.007
Gautam, C., Lowery, C. L., Mays, C., & Durant, D. (2016). Challenges for global learners: A Qualitative Study of the Concerns and Difficulties of International Students. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 501-526. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com
Geary, D. (2016). How do we get people to interact? International students and the American experience. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 527-541. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1094887
Harwood, J., Joyce, N., Chen, C., Paolini, S., Xiang, J., & Rubin, M. (2017). Effects of past and present intergroup communication on perceived fit of an outgroup member and desire for future intergroup contact. Communication Research, 44(4), 530-555. Doi:10.1177/0093650214565926
Huhn, D., Huber, J., Ippen, F. M., Eckart, W., Junne, F., Zipfel, S., & ... Nikendei, C. (2016). International medical students' expectations and worries at the beginning of their medical education: a qualitative focus group study. BMC Medical Education, 16, 33. Doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0549-9
Imamura, M., & Zhang, Y. B. (2014). Functions of the common in-group identity model and acculturation strategies in intercultural communication: American host nationals’ communication with Chinese international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43(Part B), 227-238. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.08.018
Institute of International Education. (2017). "Top 25 places of origin of International students, 2013/14-2014/15." Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/opendoors
Krasulja, N., Blagojevic, M. V., & Radojevic, I. (2016). Brain drain – The positive and negative aspects of the phenomenon. Ekonomika, 62(3), 131-142. Doi:10.5937/ekonomika1603131K
Lee, C., Lee, C., & Chiou, Y. (2017). Insurance activities, globalization, and economic growth: New methods, new evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2017.05.006. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.05.006
Lee, E. J. (2016). International and American students' perceptions of informal English conversations. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 14-34. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1083267
Lombard, C. A. (2014). Coping with anxiety and rebuilding identity: A psychosynthesis approach to culture shock. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(2), 174-199. Doi:10.1080/09515070.2013.875887
Lu, X., & Zhang, W. (2015). The reversed brain drain: A mixed-method study of the reversed migration of Chinese overseas scientists. Science Technology & Society, 20(3), 279-299. Doi:10.1177/0971721815597127
Okeja, U. (2017). Reverse migration, brain drain and global justice. South African Journal of Philosophy, 36(1), 133-143. Doi:10.1080/02580136.2016.1275469
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783. Doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
Rose-Redwood, C., & Rose-Redwood, R. (2017). Rethinking the politics of the international student experience in the age of trump. Journal of International Students, 7(3), 9-I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/1902047737?accountid=28180
Ruble, R. A., & Zhang, Y. B. (2013). Stereotypes of Chinese international students held by Americans. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 202-211. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.12.004
Schumann, S., Klein, O., Douglas, K., & Hewstone, M. (2017). Full length article: When is computer-mediated intergroup contact most promising? Examining the effect of outgroup members' anonymity on prejudice. Computers in Human Behavior, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.006. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.006
Tawagi, A. L., & Mak, A. S. (2015). Cultural inclusiveness contributing to international students' intercultural attitudes: Mediating role of intergroup contact variables. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 25(4), 340-354. Doi:10.1002/casp.2218
Tierney, W., & Lanford, M. (2015). An investigation of the impact of international branch campuses on organizational culture. Higher Education, 70(2), 283-298. Doi: 10.1007/s10734-014-9845-7
Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2008). Handbook of Cultural Intelligence. Armonk, N.Y.: Routledge.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L. and Koh, C. (2012), Sub-Dimensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence. Social and personality psychology compass, 6, 295–313. Doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012. 00429.x
World Bank (2017). World development report. Digital dividends overview. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/961621467994698644/pdf/102724-WDR-WDR2016Overview-ENGLISH-WebResBox-394840B-OUO-9.pdf
Zabo, A., Ward, C., & Jose, P. E. (2016). Uprooting stress, coping, and anxiety: A longitudinal study of international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 23(2), 190-208. Doi: 10.1037/a0039771
Zhen, L., Heath, M. A., Jackson, A. P., Allen, G. K., Fischer, L., & Chan, P. (2017). Acculturation experiences of Chinese international students who attend American universities. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 48(1), 11-21. Doi: 10.1037/pro0000117
Downloads
Published
2019-08-15
Issue
Section
Research Articles (English)
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of International Students
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License.
How to Cite
Examining the Correlation between American Students’ Cultural Intelligence, Political Affiliations, and Their Social Distances from Their International Peers. (2019). Journal of International Students, 9(3), 873-895. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v0i0.81
