Asymmetry in Israeli academia
Attitudes of Bedouin female students about their relationship with Jewish female students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/3z6vvp28Keywords:
Multicultural interaction, Multicultural interaction, Arab-Bedouin female students, Jewish students, Socio-national background, Intergroup dynamicsAbstract
This study explores the attitudes of Bedouin female students towards their Jewish peers in multicultural courses at teaching colleges in Israel. Based on a sample of 30 participants, findings reveal mixed emotions. While Bedouin students value cultural diversity and opportunities for cross-cultural engagement, they face challenges stemming from the broader social dynamics in the country. Multicultural groups aim to foster dialogue and shared perspectives, but Jewish students often maintain a dominant position, avoiding deeper engagement with intergroup relations. In contrast, Bedouin students emphasize their minority identity, which is shaped by religious, social, and cultural factors, framing themselves in relation to their socio-national background. Despite these challenges, both groups collaborate and support one another in achieving academic success, demonstrating the potential of multicultural settings to promote cooperation amidst diversity.
References
of Bedouin students in teacher training programs at the Kaye Academic College of Education. Voices, 13, 30–32. [In Hebrew]. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=813725
Abu-Gweder, A. (2022). An obstacle in presenting academic equality and the lack of personal prestige in the academy: The challenges of the Hebrew language in the eyes of Arab-Bedouin female students. Central European Management Journal, 30(4), 2039–2047. https://doi.org/10.57030/23364890.cemj.30.4.210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.57030/23364890.cemj.30.4.210
Abu-Gweder, A. (2023). The challenges of writing among Arab-Bedouin students between literary Arabic and Hebrew as a second language. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 34, 769–787. https://doi.org/10.59670/jns.v34i.1124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59670/jns.v34i.1124
Abu-Gweder, A. (2024a). The ideal path: Acquiring education and gaining respect for parents from the perspective of Arab-Bedouin students. Open Education Studies, 6(1), 20240011. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2024-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2024-0011
Abu-Gweder, A. (2024b). The golden path in the lives of Arab-Bedouin female students: "The profession of teaching for myself and for family support as a lever for academic success." International Journal of Educational Research, 127, 102424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102424
Aburabia-Queder, S. (2011). Higher education as a platform for cross-cultural transition: The case of the first educated Bedouin women in Israel. Higher Education Quarterly, 65(2), 186–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2010.00477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2010.00477.x
Aburabia-Queder, S., & Weiner-Levy, N. (2013). Between local and foreign structures: Exploring the agency of Palestinian women in Israel. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 20(1), 88–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxs DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxs029
Abu-Saad, I. (2013). Socio-political changes and the development of the formal education system among the Negev Bedouin: Dilemmas and challenges. In The Bedouins in the Negev: Strategic Challenge to Israel (pp. 28–39). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=12706098922776075043&hl=en&inst=10783611065851547669&oi=scholarr
Abu-Saad, I. (2016). Access to higher education and its socio-economic impact among Bedouin Arabs in southern Israel. International Journal of Educational Research, 76, 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2015.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2015.06.001
Abu-Saad, K., Horowitz, T., & Abu-Saad, I. (2007). Weaving tradition and modernity: Bedouin women in higher education. Be'er Sheva: Negev Center for Regional Development, Ben-Gurion University. https://cris.bgu.ac.il/en/publications/weaving-tradition-and-modernity-bedouin-women-in-higher-education
Auerbach, Y. (2009). The reconciliation pyramid—A narrative‐based framework for analyzing identity conflicts. Political Psychology, 30(2), 291–318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00692.x
Antavi-Yamini, L. (2012). On the edge of visibility: Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. In E. Lomsky-Feder & T. Rapoport (Eds.), Visibility in immigration: Body, view, representation. Jerusalem: Van Lier Institute; Tel Aviv: The United Kibbutz. [In Hebrew].
Allassad-Alhuzail, N. (2018). A place of many names: How three generations of Bedouin women express the meaning of home. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 33(2), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-017-9546-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-017-9546-5
Al-Haj, M. (2005). National ethos, multicultural education, and the new history textbooks in Israel. Curriculum Inquiry, 35(1), 47–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873X.2005.00315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873X.2005.00315.x
Ali, N., & Da’as, R. (2019). Higher education in the Arab minority in Israel: Representation, mapping, obstacles, and challenges. Israel Studies Review, 34(1), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.3167/isr.2019.34010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3167/isr.2019.340105
Arar, K. (2020). School leadership for refugees’ education: Social justice leadership for immigrant, migrants and refugees. Routledge. https://books.google.co.il/books DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429021770
Arar, K., & Masry-Herzalah, A. (2014). Cultural pluralism increases difficulties in learning experiences yet advances identity formation for Muslim Arab female students at higher education institutions in Israel. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 6(2), 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2014-0039
Arar, K., & Masry-Herzalah, A. (2014). Cultural pluralism increases difficulties in learning experiences yet advances identity formation for Muslim Arab female students at higher education institutions in Israel. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 6(2), 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2014-0039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2014-0039
Banks, J. A., & McGee Banks, C. A. (Eds.). (2001). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. Allyn and Bacon. https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=ceGyDwAAQB
Bar-Tal, D., & Rosen, Y. (2009). Peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts: Direct and indirect models. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308330969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308330969
Brown, R., & Pehrson, S. (2019). Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118719244
Chase, S. E. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 651–679). Sage.
Chun, M., Christopher, S., & Gumport, P. J. (2013). Multiculturalism and the academic organization of knowledge. In Multicultural curriculum (pp. 223–241). Routledge.
Čehajić-Clancy, S., Goldenberg, A., Gross, J. J., & Halperin, E. (2016). Social-psychological interventions for intergroup reconciliation: An emotion regulation perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 27(2), 73–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2016.1153945
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Dowty, A. (1998). The Jewish State: A century later, updated with a new preface. University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520927063
Flick, U. (2017). Mantras and myths: The disenchantment of mixed-methods research and revisiting triangulation as a perspective. Qualitative Inquiry, 23(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655827 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655827
Greenberg, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2014). Information needs of students in Israel—A case study of a multicultural society. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.10.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.10.002
Gribiea, A., Kabha, M., & Abu-Saad, I. (2017). New mass communication media and the identity of Negev Bedouin Arab youth in Israel: In conversation with Edward Said. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 16(1), 99–123. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2017.0154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2017.0154
Halabi, R. (2016). Arab students in a Hebrew university–Existing but unnoticed. Intercultural Education, 27(6), 560–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2016.1262131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2016.1262131
Halabi, R. (2018). The education system as a mechanism for political control: The education system for the Druze in Israel. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(7), 1018–1031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618762528
Halabi, R. (2022). Dialogic teaching in the academy: Difficulties, challenges and an opportunity for engaged, active and critical learning. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2022.2041707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2022.2041707
Hayak, M., Nahon Crystal, E., & Segev, Y. (2024). Multiculturalism in teacher training: The Israeli case. Israel Affairs, 30(2), 304–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318169
Helms, J. (1990). Black and white racial identity: Theory, research and practice. Greenwood Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06697-000
Hertz-Lazarowitz, R., Mor-Sommerfeld, A., Zelniker, T., & Azaiza, F. (2008). From ethnic segregation to bilingual education: What can bilingual education do for the future of the Israeli society. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 6(2), 142–156. http://www.jceps.com/wp-content/uploads/PDFs/6-2-08.pdf
Kaplan, H. (2018). Teachers' autonomy support, autonomy suppression and conditional negative regard as predictors of optimal learning experience among high-achieving Bedouin students. Social Psychology of Education, 21, 223–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9405-y
Khazzoom, A. (2003). The great chain of orientalism: Jewish identity, stigma management, and ethnic exclusion in Israel. American Sociological Review, 68(4), 481–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800401
Lawless, B., & Chen, Y. W. (2017). Multicultural neoliberalism and academic labor: Experiences of female immigrant faculty in the US academy. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 17(3), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616672688
Arar, K., & Masry-Herzalah, A. (2014). Cultural pluralism increases difficulties in learning experiences yet advances identity formation for Muslim Arab female students at higher education institutions in Israel. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 6(2), 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2014-0039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2014-0039
Banks, J. A., & McGee Banks, C. A. (Eds.). (2001). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=ceGyDwAAQB
Bar-Tal, D., & Rosen, Y. (2009). Peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts: Direct and indirect models. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308330969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308330969
Brown, R., & Pehrson, S. (2019). Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118719244
Chase, S. E. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 651-679). Sage.
Chun, M., Christopher, S., & Gumport, P. J. (2013). Multiculturalism and the academic organization of knowledge. In Multicultural curriculum (pp. 223-241). Routledge.
Čehajić-Clancy, S., Goldenberg, A., Gross, J. J., & Halperin, E. (2016). Social-psychological interventions for intergroup reconciliation: An emotion regulation perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 27(2), 73-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2016.1153945
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Dowty, A. (1998). The Jewish State: A century later, updated with a new preface. Univ of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520927063
Flick, U. (2017). Mantras and myths: The disenchantment of mixed-methods research and revisiting triangulation as a perspective. Qualitative Inquiry, 23(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655827 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655827
Greenberg, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2014). Information needs of students in Israel—A case study of a multicultural society. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(2), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.10.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.10.002
Gribiea, A., Kabha, M., & Abu-Saad, I. (2017). New mass communication media and the identity of Negev Bedouin Arab youth in Israel: In conversation with Edward Said. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 16(1), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2017.0154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2017.0154
Halabi, R. (2016). Arab students in a Hebrew university–Existing but unnoticed. Intercultural Education, 27(6), 560-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2016.1262131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2016.1262131
Halabi, R. (2018). The education system as a mechanism for political control: The education system for the Druze in Israel. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(7), 1018-1031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618762528
Halabi, R. (2022). Dialogic teaching in the academy: Difficulties, challenges and an opportunity for engaged, active and critical learning. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2022.2041707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2022.2041707
Hayak, M., Nahon Crystal, E., & Segev, Y. (2024). Multiculturalism in teacher training: The Israeli case. Israel Affairs, 30(2), 304–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318169
Helms, J. (1990). Black and white racial identity: Theory, research and practice. Greenwood Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06697-000
Hertz-Lazarowitz, R., Mor-Sommerfeld, A., Zelniker, T., & Azaiza, F. (2008). From ethnic segregation to bilingual education: What can bilingual education do for the future of the Israeli society. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 6(2), 142-156. http://www.jceps.com/wp-content/uploads/PDFs/6-2-08.pdf
Kaplan, H. (2018). Teachers' autonomy support, autonomy suppression and conditional negative regard as predictors of optimal learning experience among high-achieving Bedouin students. Social Psychology of Education, 21, 223-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9405-y
Khazzoom, A. (2003). The great chain of orientalism: Jewish identity, stigma management, and ethnic exclusion in Israel. American Sociological Review, 68(4), 481–510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800401
https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800401
Lawless, B., & Chen, Y. W. (2017). Multicultural neoliberalism and academic labor: Experiences of female immigrant faculty in the US academy. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 17(3), 236–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616672688
https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616672688 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616672688
Lev-Ari, L., & Laron, D. (2014). Intercultural learning in graduate studies at an Israeli college of education: Attitudes toward multiculturalism among Jewish and Arab students. Higher Education, 68(2), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9706-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9706-9
Lev-Ari, L., & Mula, W. (2017). "Us and them": Towards intercultural competence among Jewish and Arab graduate students at Israeli colleges of education. Higher Education, 74, 979–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0088-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0088-7
Mautner, M., Sagi, A., & Shamir, R. (1998). Thoughts on multiculturalism in Israel. In Multiculturalism in a democratic Jewish state (pp. 67–76).
Maoz, Y. (2010). Perceptual-cognitive barriers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In Y. Bar Siman-Tov (Ed.), Barriers to peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Konrad Adenauer Foundation Israel and the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies.
Martins, L., & Pagliaro, H. (2020). Nationalism, recognition and the Arab-Jewish conflict. Boletim Goiano de Geografia, 40, e64579. https://doi.org/10.5216/BGG.v40.64579 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5216/bgg.v40i01.64579
Mesidor, J. K., & Sly, K. F. (2016). Factors that contribute to the adjustment of international students. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 262–282. http://jistudents.org DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.569
Mostafa, H., & Lim, Y. (2020). Examining the relationship between motivations and resilience in different international student groups attending US universities. Journal of International Students, 10(2), 306–319. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.603
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. In Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed., pp. 339–427). Sage.
Redlich, O. (2020). Intercultural competence among Jewish and Arab students studying together in an academic institution in Israel. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 14(7), 503–510.
Reingold, R. (2005). Curricular models of pluralist multicultural education: Four case studies from academia in the USA. Dapim, 40, 108–131. [In Hebrew]
Rouhana, N. N., & Bar-Tal, D. (1998). Psychological dynamics of intractable ethnonational conflicts: The Israeli–Palestinian case. American Psychologist, 53(7), 761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.53.7.761
Rothman, S., Lipset, S. M., & Nevitte, N. (2003). Racial diversity reconsidered. Public Interest, 151, 25–38.
Shafir, G., & Peled, Y. (2002). Being Israeli: The dynamics of multiple citizenship (Vol. 16). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164641
Shumsky, D. (2018). Beyond the nation-state: The Zionist political imagination from Pinsker to Ben-Gurion. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230130.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230130.001.0001
Smooha, S. (2024). Israel: Pluralism and conflict. Taylor & Francis. https://lccn.loc.gov/74076390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003540465
Steele, S. (2021). The recoloring of campus life: Student racism, academic pluralism, and the end of a dream. In Campus Wars (pp. 176–187). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429038556-20
Whitla, D. K., Orfield, G., Silen, W., Teperow, C., Howard, C., & Reede, J. (2003). Educational benefits of diversity in medical school: A survey of students. Academic Medicine, 78(5), 460–466. https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2003/05000/The_Teaching_of_Cultural_Issues_in_U_Sand.7.aspx DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200305000-00007
Yahel, H., & Abu-Ajaj, A. (2021). Tribalism, religion, and state in Bedouin society in the Negev: Between preservation and change. A Multidisciplinary Journal on National Security, 24(2). https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Adkan
Zelniker, T., Hertz-Lazarowitz, R., Peretz, H., Azaiza, F., & Sharabany, R. (2009). Arab and Jewish students’ participatory action research at the University of Haifa: A model for peace education. In Peace education in conflict and post-conflict societies: Comparative perspectives (pp. 199–213). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620421_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620421_13
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of International Students

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License.