The Experiences of International Teaching Assistants in the US Classroom
A Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1086Keywords:
accent, classroom communication, intercultural competence, international teaching assistantsAbstract
Most research focusing on the challenges that international teaching assistants (ITAs) encounter in U.S. classrooms employs a linguistic perspective. The present study furthers that research by examining other challenges unique to ITAs, through the lens of an intercultural competence framework. Through individual interviews with 15 ITAs, the study highlights the challenges related to competencies in knowledge and skills faced by ITAs in U.S. classrooms. Findings reveal that knowledge about the U.S. education system, expectations of the classroom culture, and assumptions about student–instructor relationships pose the greatest difficulties. Additionally, the ability of an ITA to demonstrate communication skills remains a significant challenge, including the negative perception of speaking with a foreign accent and selecting effective word choices to accurately represent content. The study findings present practical implications for training ITAs for their pedagogical duties at U.S. colleges.
References
Adebayo, C.T. (2019) Teaching perspective taking in intercultural contexts: Encounters with international teaching assistants with foreign accent Communication Teacher, 34(1), 47-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2019.1593473
Alexander, B. K., Arasaratnam, L. A., Avant-Mier, R., Durham, A., Flores, L., Leeds-Hurwitz, W., Mendoza, S.L, Oetzel, J., Osland, J., Tsuda, Y., Yin, J., & Halualani, R. (2014). Defining and communicating what “intercultural” and “intercultural communication” means to us. Journal of International & Intercultural Communication, 7(1), 14–37. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2014.869524
Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
Ammigan, R., & Laws, K. N. (2018). Communications preferences among international students: Strategies for creating optimal engagement in programs and services. Journal of International Students, 8(3), 1293–1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1254584
Arasaratnam, L. A. (2011). Perception and communication in intercultural spaces. University Press of America.
Arasaratnam, L. A., & Doerfel, M. L. (2005). Intercultural communication competence: Identifying key components from multicultural perspectives. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 137–163. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2004.04.001
Arshavskaya, E. (2015). International teaching assistants’ experiences in the U.S. classrooms: Implications for practice. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 56–69. https://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i2.12947
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage.
Byram, M., & Nichols, A. (2001). Developing intercultural competence in practice. Multilingual Matters.
Chen, G.-M. (1990). Intercultural communication competence: Some perspectives of research. Howard Journal of Communications, 2(3), 243–261. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179009359718
Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241–266. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002
Gorsuch, G. J. (2003). The educational cultures of international teaching assistants and U.S. universities. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, 7(3), 1–17. http://www.teslej.org/wordpress/issues/volume7/ej27/ej27a1/
Gorsuch, G. (2012). International teaching assistants’ experiences in educational cultures and their teaching beliefs. TESL-EJ, 16(1). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ975114
Institute of International Education. (2019). Number of international students in the United States hits all-time high. https://www.iie.org/Why-IIE/Announcements/2019/11/Number-of-International-Students-in-the-United-States-Hits-All-Time-High
Jin, S. H., & Liu, C. (2013). The vowel inherent spectral change of English vowels spoken by native and non-native speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5), 363–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4798620.
Li, L., Mazer, J. P., & Ju, R. (2011). Resolving international teaching assistant language inadequacy through dialogue: Challenges and opportunities for clarity and credibility. Communication Education, 60(4), 461–478. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2011.565352
Lippi-Green, R. (1994). Accent, standard language ideology, and discriminatory pretext in the courts. Language in Society, 23(2), 163–198. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4168513
Manohar, U., & Appiah, O. (2016). Perspective taking to improve attitudes towards international teaching assistants: The role of national identification and prior attitudes. Communication Education, 65(2), 149–163. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2015.1081956
Martin, J., & Nakayama, T. K. (2017). Intercultural communication in contexts. McGraw-Hill Education.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2013). Qualitative data analysis. Sage.
Redmond, M. V., & Bunyi, J. M. (1993). The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 17(2), 235–254. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(93)90027-6
Schwandt, T. A. (2015). The SAGE dictionary of qualitative inquiry. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/the-sage-dictionary-of-qualitative-inquiry/book237361
Spitzberg, B. (2000). A model of intercultural communication competence. Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 9, 375–387.
Spitzberg, B., & Cupach, W. R (1984) Interpersonal communication competence (4th Ed.). Sage.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage
Subtirelu, N. C. (2015). “She does have an accent but…”: Race and language ideology in students’ evaluations of mathematics instructors on RateMyProfessors.com. Language in Society, 44(1), 35–62. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047404514000736
Subtirelu, N. C. (2017). Students’ orientations to communication across linguistic difference with international teaching assistants at an internationalizing university in the United States. Multilingua, 36(3), 247–280. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2016-0061
Urban, E., & Palmer L. B. (2016). International students’ perceptions of the value of U.S. higher education. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 1523–174.
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). Study and exchange. Retrieved January 23, 2020. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study.html
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (2016). Student and exchange visitors program. https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-publishes-quarterly-international-student-data
Williams, G. M., & Case, R. E. (2015). Tale of the tape: international teaching assistant noticing during videotaped classroom observations. Journal of International Students, 5(4), 434–446. http://ojed.org/index.php/jis/article/view/406/323
Wiseman, R. L. (2002). Intercultural communication competence. In W. B. Gudykunst, & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed; pp. 207–224). Sage.
Yan, L., & Pei., S. (2018). “Home away from home”? How international students handle difficult and negative experiences in American higher education. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 454–472. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1134338
Yook, E. L., & Albert, R. D. (1999). Perceptions of international teaching assistants: The interrelatedness of intercultural training, cognition, and emotion. Communication Education, 48(1), 1–17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634529909379148
Zhang, Y. (Leaf). (2015). Intercultural communication competence: advising international students in a Texas community college. NACADA Journal, 35(2), 48–59. https://dx.doi.org/10.12930/NACADA-15-007
Zimmermann, S. (1995). Perceptions of intercultural communication competence and international student adaptation to an American campus. Communication Education, 44(4), 321–335. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634529509379022
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
All published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License.