Improving Equity in Tertiary Education in Ghana
Keywords:
affirmative action, blended learning, equity, inclusive education, tertiary educationAbstract
The sustainable development goals in education by the United Nations aim at inclusive and quality education for all. To achieve this in Ghana, the Draft Inclusive Education Policy provides an opportunity to address the diverse learning needs of all citizens. Also, the 1992 constitution provides the legal basis for the provision of higher education to be equally accessible to all. Equity in education means making sure that equitable and quality education is accessible to all students. This paper, based on the review of literature identified the gaps that exist and the pathways to closing these gaps to facilitate equity in tertiary education in Ghana. The equity gaps identified include disability, poverty and insufficient use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
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References
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Segbenya, M., Oduro, G. K. T., Peniana, F., & Ghansah, K. (2019). Proximity and choice of College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast for further studies. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(5), 1012-1034.
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Tagoe, M., & Abakah, E. (2014). Determining distance education students’ readiness for mobile learning at University of Ghana using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. International Journal of Education, 10(1), 91-106.
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Ackah, C., Adjasi, C., & Turkson, F. (2014). Scoping study on the evolution of industry in Ghana (No. 2014/075). WIDER Working Paper.
Adu-Yeboah, C., & Dzama Forde, L. (2011). Returning to Study in Higher Education in Ghana: experiences of mature undergraduate women. Research in Comparative and International Education, 6 (4). www.wwwords.uk/RCIE
Ameyaw, J., Turnhout, E. Arts, B. & Arjen, A. (2019). Creating a responsive curriculum for postgraduates: lessons from a case in Ghana. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(4), 573-588, https://doi: 10.1080/0309877X.2017.1386285.
Andreas, S. (2018). Why equity in education is so elusive, in World Class: How to Build a 21st Century School System, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264300002-4-en
Anti, P. P. (2017). Access, Equity, Quality of Free SHS: Farce or reality?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320347085_Access_Equity_Quality_of_Free_SHS_Farce_or_reality
Atuahene, F. & Owusu-Ansah, A. (2013). A Descriptive Assessment of Higher Education Access, Participation, Equity, and Disparity in Ghana. SAGE Open, https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013497725
Badat, S. & Sayed, Y. (2014). Post-1994 South African Education: The Challenge of Social Justice. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 652,127-148.
Badu-Nyarko, S. K., Siabi-Mensah, K., & Torto, B. A. (2010). Problems of part-time students in Ghana. Implications for Distance Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 10(4),175-190. http://197.255.68.203/handle/123456789/1267
Boakye, K. (2014). Affordable internet in Ghana: The status quo and the path ahead, A4A1 Alliance for Affordable internet, Washington DC. https://1e8q3q16vyc81g8l3h3md6q5f5e-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ghana-Case-Study_FINAL.
Boye, E., & Mannan, M. A. (2014). Bangladesh: Public-Private Partnership in Higher Education (Financed by Asian Development Bank), Asian Development Bank.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/81969/45181-001-tacr-01.pdf
Ghana Statistical Service, (2012a). Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey with an Enhanced Malaria Module and Biomarker, 2011, Final Report. Ghana. Statistical Service. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2012b). 2010 Population & Housing Census, Summary Report of Final Results. Ghana Statistical Service. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2013). 2010 Population and Housing Census, National Analytical Report. Ghana Statistical Service. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2014). 2010 Population and Housing Census Report, Disability in Ghana. Ghana Statistical Service. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2015a). Ghana Poverty Marking Report. Ghana Statistical Service. Ghana Statistical Service. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2015b). Ghana Demographic and Health survey 2014, Key indicators, Ghana Statistical Service, Accra. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical Service, (2019). PHC projection 2019. Ghana Statistical Service http://www.statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Technology University College (2020). Mature Students’ Entrance Examination. https://site.gtuc.edu.gh/mature-students-entrance-examination
Kwakwa, P. A., Arthur, E., & Obeng, S. (2012). Demand for Private Higher Education in Ghana: The Case of the Presbyterian University College Ghana, Akuapem Campus. International Journal of Management Research and Reviews, 2(5), 637.
Morley, L., Leach, F., Lugg, R., Lihamba, A., Opare, J., Bhalalusesa, E., ... & Mwaipopo, R. (2007). Working Paper 1: Setting the Scene. March 2007. ESRC-DFID Project on Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: Developing an Equity Scorecard. Retrieved 17/03/08 from< www. sussex. ac. uk/education/wideningparticipation.
National Accreditation Board (2018). Number of Accredited Tertiary Institutions in Ghana per Category as at April 2018. http://www.nab.gov.gh/news1/414-accredited-published-tertiary-institutions-as-at-august-2016-summary
National Accreditation Board (n.d.) Private Tertiary Institutions Offering Degree Programmes. National Accreditation Board. http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes
National Communication Authority, (2017). Press Release NCA Meets MNOs to Review Efforts towards Tackling QOS Issues. https://nca.org.gh/media-and-news/news/nca-meets-mnos-to-review-efforts-towards-tackling-qos-issues/
National Council for Tertiary Education, (2014). National Council for Tertiary Education Annual Report 2014, National Council for Tertiary Education.
Ntim, S. (2016). Massification in Ghanaian higher education: Implications for pedagogical quality, equity control and assessment. International Research in Higher Education, 1(1), 160-169.
https://doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v1n1p160
Odeleye, D. A. (2012). Engineering Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in University Education Service Delivery in Africa. Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education, 8(2), 21-30.
Okebukola, P. (Ed.). (2015). Towards innovative models for funding higher education in Africa. Association of African Universities.
Republic of Ghana, (1992). Constitution of the Republic of Ghana. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh014en.pdf
Republic of Ghana, (2000). Ghana Education Trust Fund Act (Act 581)
https://gra.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ge_trust_fund_act.pdf
Republic of Ghana, (2006). Persons with Disability Act (Act 715). http://sapghana.com/data/documents/DISABILITY-ACT-715.pdf
Republic of Ghana, (2015). Ghana Millennium Development Goals 2015 Report. https://www.gh.undp.org/content/ghana/en/home/library/poverty/2015-ghana-millennium-development-goals-report.html
Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Education, (2013). Draft Inclusive Education Policy. http://www.voiceghana.org/downloads/MoE_IE_Policy_Final_Draft1.pdf
Salmi, J. & Bassett, R. M. (2014). The equity imperative in tertiary education: Promoting fairness and efficiency. International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale de l'Education, 60 (3): 361-377.
Segbenya, M., Oduro, G. K. T., Peniana, F., & Ghansah, K. (2019). Proximity and choice of College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast for further studies. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(5), 1012-1034.
Sweeney, M. R., Kirwan, A., Kelly, M., Corbally, M., O Neill, S., Kirwan, M., ... & Hussey, P. (2016). Transition to blended learning: experiences from the first year of our blended learning Bachelor of Nursing Studies programme. Contemporary Nurse, 52(5), 612-624.
Tagoe, M., & Abakah, E. (2014). Determining distance education students’ readiness for mobile learning at University of Ghana using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. International Journal of Education, 10(1), 91-106.
United Nations Ghana & Civil Society Platform Ghana. (2017). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Ghana. How they matter and how we can help. https://www.undp.org/content/dam/unct/ghana/docs/SDGs/UNCT-GH-SDGs-in-Ghana-Avocacy-Messages-2017.pdf
University of Ghana, (2018). University of Ghana Holds 2018 matriculation ceremony. https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/university-ghana-holds-2018-matriculation-ceremony
World Bank Group, (2017). Monitoring Global Poverty, Report on the Commission on Global Poverty, Washington DC, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/WDR/English-Full-Text-Report/ch1.pdf
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2021-05-21
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Improving Equity in Tertiary Education in Ghana. (2021). Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 10(SI), 21-38. https://ojed.org/jise/article/view/2888
