The effect of indigenous leadership on perceptions of educational relevance among primary school teachers in the Hadiya zone, Central Ethiopian Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/b2fjm661Keywords:
educational relevance, Ethiopia, Hadiya Zone, indigenous leadership, primary school, school governance, teachers' perspectivesAbstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of indigenous leadership on teachers' perceptions of educational relevance in primary schools in the Hadiya Zone of the Central Ethiopian Region. A quantitative method was employed in an explanatory research design, and 383 primary school teachers were selected using simple and proportionate random sampling. The study hypothesized the effect of indigenous leadership dimensions (working with the indigenous community, advocacy and visibility, vision and influence, resilience and persistence, and institutional authority) on educational relevance using a multiple linear regression model. The overall regression model significantly explained 70.5% of the variance in educational relevance (R² = 0.705, F(5, 377) = 179.998, p < .001), with indigenous leadership exerting a statistically significant positive influence. All the dimensions had a positive effect, and advocacy and visibility had the largest effect (β=0.348, p < 0.001). The findings imply that institutions of higher learning that train teachers and leaders should consider adopting indigenous leadership principles in their teaching and training. Thus, the study suggests that policymakers and school administrators in the Hadiya Zone and other settings promote and institutionalise local leadership practices, especially those that promote advocacy and visibility, to enhance the perceived value of primary education among teachers.
References
Abdisa, O. J. (2022). Significance and restraint of indigenous knowledge inclusion in Ethiopian higher education curriculum: In focus Gadaa system. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2046241
Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Lee, V., & Came, H. (2021). Amplifying Indigenous voice and curriculum within the public health academy–the emergence of Indigenous sovereign leadership in public health education. Higher Education Research and Development, 40(1), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1857343
Assefa, Y., & Mohammed, S. J. (2022). Indigenous-Based Adult Education Learning Material Development: Integration, Practical Challenges, and Contextual Considerations in Focus. Education Research International, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2294593
Baldwin, K. (2019). Elected MPs, Traditional Chiefs, and Local Public Goods: Evidence on the Role of Leaders in Co-Production From Rural Zambia. Comparative Political Studies, 52(12), 1925–1956. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018774372
Battiste, M. (2013). Decolonizing Education: Nourishing the Learning Spirit. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(3), 615–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.1999.10816777
Berhanu, K. Z., & Gobie, D. (2023). Adequacy of capacity building and stakeholder involvement in decentralized education management: Evidence from Ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2247151
Bhengu, T. (2013). School-community integration for school change: A case study of a rural secondary school in KwaZulu-Natal. Education as Change, 17(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2013.773926
Bitew, B., Sewenet, A., & Fentahun, G. (2021). Indigenous Governance Systems and Democracy in Ethiopia: Yejoka Qicha System of the Gurage People. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 12(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2021.12.3.10969
Bojuwoye, O. (2009). Home-school partnership - a study of opinions of selected parents and teachers in kwazulu natal province, south africa. Research Papers in Education, 24(4), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671520802150004
Bolden, R., & Kirk, P. (2009). African leadership: Surfacing new understandings through leadership development. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595808101156
Bonato, G., Dinan-Thompson, M. M., & Salter, P. (2024). Investigating Indigenous games as Indigenous knowledges and perspectives in PETE: a systematic literature review. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 15(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2023.2218350
Branscombe, R. A. B. & N. R. (2012). Social Psychology (13th ed.). Pearson.
Bukusi, A. D. M., Korir, A. J., & Musya, J. K. (2023). How Indigenous Leadership Research in Africa Can Inspire National Prosperity. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(07), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.117010
Burchfiel P.B. (1971). Multiple linear regression. Journal of Quality Technology, 3(4), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1971.11980492
Burgess, C., Fricker, A., & Weuffen, S. (2023). Lessons to learn, discourses to change, relationships to build: How Decolonising Race Theory can articulate the interface between school leadership and Aboriginal students’ schooling experiences. Australian Educational Researcher, 50(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-022-00546-z
Castagno, A. E., & Brayboy, B. M. K. J. (2008). Culturally responsive schooling for indigenous youth: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 941–993. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308323036
Cheng, M. M., Lacaste, A. V., Saranza, C., & Chuang, H. H. (2021). Culturally responsive teaching in technology-supported learning environments in marine education for sustainable development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413922
Ciocco, T., Tangen, S., & Smith, C. (2023). Actualizing Indigenous Knowledge in tribal wildlife management : basic preconditions. February, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1467
Coates, S. K., Trudgett, M., & Page, S. (2021). Indigenous higher education sector: The evolution of recognised Indigenous Leaders within Australian Universities. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 50(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2019.30
Coates, S. K., Trudgett, M., & Page, S. (2022). Ain’t no mountain high enough: aspirations of Indigenous academics within the academy. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 00(00), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2068186
Coates, S. K., Trudgett, M., & Page, S. (2023). Indigenous institutional theory: a new theoretical framework and methodological tool. Australian Educational Researcher, 50(3), 903–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-022-00533-4
Coates, S. K., Trudgett, M., & Page, S. (2024). A model of senior Indigenous leadership in Australian higher education : An Indigenous academic perspective. Journal of Leadership Education Emerald, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOLE-03-2024-0047
da Silva, C., Pereira, F., & Amorim, J. P. (2023). The integration of indigenous knowledge in school: a systematic review. Compare, 54(7), 1210–1228. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2023.2184200
Debassige, A. / B., & Brunette-Debassige, C. (2019). Indigenizing Work as “willful work”: Toward Indigenous Transgressive Leadership in Canadian Universities. Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.18733/cpi29449
Deloria, G. S. & P. J. (2014). Indigenous leadership. Indigenous Leadership in Higher Education, 124–135. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749402-13
Demssie, Y. N., Biemans, H. J. A., Wesselink, R., & Mulder, M. (2020). Combining indigenous knowledge and modern education to foster sustainability competencies: Towards a set of learning design principles. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176823
Dorasamy, P. N., & Kikasu, E. T. (2024). Decolonization And Higher Education Curriculum : Repositioning Public Administration In South Africa. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(4), 3115–3132. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.1994
Doyle, K. E., Hungerford, C., Pitt, C., Saunders, P., & Wilkey, K. (2020). Cultural competence and the higher education sector: Australian perspectives, policies and practice. In Cultural Competence and the Higher Education Sector: Australian Perspectives, Policies and Practice (Issue June). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5362-2
Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE.
Ford, J. D., King, N., Galappaththi, E. K., Pearce, T., McDowell, G., & Harper, S. L. (2020). The Resilience of Indigenous Peoples to Environmental Change. One Earth, 2(6), 532–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.014
Frawley, J., Larkin, S., & Smith, J. A. (2017). Indigenous pathways, transitions and participation in higher education: From policy to practice. In Indigenous Pathways, Transitions and Participation in Higher Education: From Policy to Practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4062-7
Funk, J., & Woodroffe, T. (2023). A differentiated approach to indigenous pedagogies: addressing gaps in teachers’ knowledge. Australian Educational Researcher, 0123456789, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-023-00616-w
Gooden, M. A., Khalifa, M., Arnold, N. W., Brown, K. D., Meyers, C. V, & Welsh, R. O. (2023). A Culturally Responsive School Leadership Approach to Developing Equity-Centered Principals: Considerations for Principal Pipelines. International Journal of Educational Development, July.
Gower, G., Ferguson, C., & Forrest, S. (2021). Building effective school-community partnerships in Aboriginal remote school settings. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 50(2), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2020.11
Guenther, J., Ober, R., Osborne, S., & Williamson-Kefu, M. (2021). Enacting socially just and transformative education through classroom pedagogy. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 29(4), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2020.1774798
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. In Neuromarketing in India: Understanding the Indian Consumer (Seventh Ed). Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351269360
Harfield, S., Davy, C., Dawson, A., Mulholland, E., Braunack-Mayer, A., & Brown, A. (2021). Building Indigenous health workforce capacity and capability through leadership-the Miwatj health leadership model. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423621000554
Henry, E., & Wolfgramm, R. (2015). Relational leadership – An indigenous M aori perspective. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715015616282
Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Leadership in organizations: Looking ahead to the 21st century. Canadian Psychology, 39(1–2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0086796
Keane, M., Raciti, M., van der Westhuizen, G., Motala, S., Stanton, S., Gilbey, K., Manathunga, C., Qi, J., & Msimango, S. (2023). Indigenous Knowledge Systems in South Africa and Australia: transforming doctoral education. Curriculum Perspectives, 43(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-023-00183-1
Kern, F. G., Holzinger, K., & Kromrey, D. (2024). Between cooperation and conflict: tracing the variance in relations of traditional governance institutions and the state in Sub-Saharan Africa. Third World Quarterly, 45(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2213636
Kgope, T. V. (2023). The indigenous knowledge system of Credo Mutwa: a pedagogical challenge in higher education in South Africa. Curriculum Perspectives, 43(1), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-023-00182-2
Khalifa, M. A., Gooden, M. A., & Davis, J. E. (2016). Culturally Responsive School Leadership: A Synthesis of the Literature. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316630383
Kiatkoski Kim, M., Watkin Lui, F., Ah Mat, L., Cadet-James, Y., Bainbridge, R., & McCalman, J. (2020). Indigenous leadership in research in Australia. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 43(4), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2020.1843220
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2011). Credibility: How Leaders Gain and Lose It Why People Demand It. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118983867
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465–491. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312032003465
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Le Grange, L. (2018). Decolonising, Africanising, indigenising, and internationalising curriculum studies: Opportunities to (re)imagine the field. Journal of Education, 74, 5–18.
Lees, A., & Bang, M. (2023). Indigenous Pedagogies: Land, Water, and Kinship. Occasional Paper Series, 2023(49). https://doi.org/10.58295/2375-3668.1500
Lopes, H. (2020). Taking Authority Seriously — Institutional Implications. 3624. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2020.1778397
Luchien, Karsten & Honorine, I. (2005). “Ubuntu as a key African management concept: contextual background and practical insights for knowledge application.” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(1), 607–620. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940510623416
Lutz, D. W. (2009). African ubuntu philosophy and global management. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(3 SUPPL.), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0204-z
Mahabeer, P. (2020). Decolonising the school curriculum in South Africa: black women teachers’ perspectives. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 5(1–2), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2020.1762510
Malunga, C. (2006). Learning leadership development from African cultures. Learning Leadership Deveoplment from African Cultures, Intrac Pra(25), 1–12.
Marmor, A. (2011). An Institutional Conception of Authority. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 39(3), 238–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2011.01208.x.
Mbokazi, S., & Bhengu, T. (2008). An Unexplored Partnership: The Influence of Traditional Leaders on Schooling. Journal of Education, 44, 49–66.
Mbokodi, S. M., & Singh, P. (2011). Parental partnerships in the governance of schools in the Black townships of Port Elizabeth. 29, 38–48.
McCarty, T. L. (2021). The holistic benefits of education for Indigenous language revitalisation and reclamation (ELR2). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 42(10), 927–940. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1827647
Minthorn, R., & Chavez, A. F. (2015). Indigenous leadership in higher education. In Indigenous Leadership in Higher Education (First). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749402
Miressa, Y., & Shemelis, M. (2022). In-depth analysis of primary schools performance, financial strength and challenges in Bench-Sheko, Kafa and Sheka Zones, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 8(3), e09116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09116
Modeste, M. E., & Kelley, C. J. (2020). Examining Distributed Leadership Practices by School Grade Configuration. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 19(2), 209–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1514057
MoE. (2015). Education sector development programme V (ESDP V) 2015/16 - 2019/20: program action plan (Issue Esdp V). http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/ethiopia_esdp_v.pdf
MoE. (2020). Education Statistics Annual Abstract: September 2019-March 2020 (Issue September 2019). www.moe.gov.et
MoE. (2021). Education Sector Development Programme VI (ESDP VI). In 2013 – 2017 E.C. 2020/21 – 2024/25 G.C. (Issue Esdp Vi).
MoE. (2023). New Education and Training Policy.
Mugambi, M. M. (2017). Approaches to Inclusive Education and Implications for Curriculum Theory and Practice. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 4(10), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0410013
Myende, P. E. (2017). Improvement from within : the asset-based approach and rural school improvement. Journal of Educational Studies, 16(2), 33–50.
Ndlovu, S. (2023). Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Africa: exclusion of students with disabilities in South African higher education. Curriculum Perspectives, 43(1), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-023-00202-1
Negussie, H., & Slater, C. L. (2018). Indigenous knowledge and early childhood care and education in Ethiopia. Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice, 33(2), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.21307/jelpp-2018-009
Ngcobo, T., & Tikly, L. (2010). Key Dimensions of Effective Leadership for Change: A Focus on Township and Rural Schools in South Africa. Http://Lst-Iiep.Iiep-Unesco.Org/Cgi-Bin/Wwwi32.Exe/[In=epidoc1.in]/?T2000=028050/(100), 38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143209356359
Niesche, R. (2024). Culturally responsive leadership: A case study of improving relations between indigenous communities and schools. Schooling for Social Justice, Equity and Inclusion: Problematizing Theory, Policy and Practice, 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-758-620241004
Özel, D., & Sümer, Z. (2025). Peace Education Program Adaptation: A Sustainable Way for Harmony. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 12, 231–251. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/2142
Povey, R., Trudgett, M., Page, S., & Coates, S. K. (2022). Where we’re going, not where we’ve been: Indigenous leadership in Canadian higher education. Race Ethnicity and Education, 25(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2021.1942820
Povey, R., Trudgett, M., Page, S., & Coates, S. K. (2023). Paying-it-forward: Indigenous leadership in American higher education. Race Ethnicity and Education, 26(2), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2022.2033197
Povey, R., Trudgett, M., Page, S., & Coates, S. K. (2024). Workers united: a non-assimilatory approach to Indigenous leadership in higher education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 37(10), 2909–2925. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2024.2342702
Shah, M., & Sid Nair, C. (2013). Private for-profit higher education in Australia: Widening access, participation and opportunities for public-private collaboration. Higher Education Research and Development, 32(5), 820–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.777030
Sianturi, M., Lee, J. S., & Cumming, T. M. (2023). Strengthening Indigenous parents’ co-leadership through culturally responsive home-school partnerships: a practical implementation framework. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 00(00), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2023.2272746
Sillitoe, P. (1998). ’The development of indigenous knowledge : a new applied anthropology. Current Anthropology, 39(2).
Solomon, M., & Aschale, T. (2019). The Ethiopian curriculum development and implementation vis-à-vis Schwab’s signs of crisis in the field of curriculum. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1633147
Stephensen, R., & Cunningham, S. (2023). Uncovering Indigenous perspectives in the Australian engineering curriculum: a systematic literature review of practical examples. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2023.2282848
Tadesse, M. M., & Ageze, E. T. (2023). Curriculum Development in Ethiopia vis-à- vis Patrick Slattery’s Postmodern Curriculum Principles: A Reflection. Bahir Dar Journal of Education, 23(1), 74–92.
Tenuto, P. L. (2021). Teaching in a global society: Considerations for university-based educational leadership. Journal of Global Education and Research, 5(1), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.5.1.1027
Teshager, A., & Aweke, S. (2020). Implications of Ubuntu/Synergy for the Education System of Ethiopia. Education Research International, 2020, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838077
Trudgett, M., Page, S., & Coates, S. K. (2022). Peak bodies: Indigenous representation in the Australian higher education sector. Australian Journal of Education, 66(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/00049441211011178
Turner, L., & Angulo, A. (2018). Risky Business: An Integrated Institutional Theory for Understanding High-Risk Decision Making in Higher Education. Harvard Educational Review, 88, 53–80. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-88.1.53
Ugwu, C. (2022). The role of current school leadership models in promoting African values: The impact on Botswana, Nigeria and Zimbabwe school leadership systems. African Educational Research Journal, 10(3), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.103.22.049
Uyanık, G. K., & Güler, N. (2013). A Study on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.027
Vannatta, C. A. M. and R. A. (2004). Advanced_and_Multivariate_Statistical_Methods: Practical Application and Interpretation (Second Edi). Pyrczak.
Wahyuningsih, H. (2015). Validitas Konstruk Alat Ukur Spirituality Orientation Inventory ( SOI ). Journal of Psychology/ Jurnal Psikologi, 36(2), 116–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.7890.
White, N. (2010). Indigenous Australian women’s leadership: Stayin’ strong against the post-colonial tide. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 13(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120903242907
Wilson, S. (2008). Research Is Ceremony: Indigenous Research Methods.
Xiaowei, Y. (2022). A Conceptual Model of Decision-Making Skills Towards Leadership Effectiveness in Higher Education Institutions in China. Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM), 1(05), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.56982/dream.v1i05.49
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis (2nd Editio). Harper and Row.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nega Ababora, Mesfin Molla Demissie, Temesgen Dobbo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




