One Family, Different Experiences of Identity Formation
International Graduate Students and Their Spouses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i2.2459Keywords:
different experiences of identity formation, one familyAbstract
In this study, we use the communication theory of identity (CTI) to analyze the disparate experiences of International Graduate Students (IGS) and their accompanying partners. In CTI, four layers constitute the concept of identity: (a) The way individuals see themselves (personal), (b) their communicative interaction through social roles (relational), (c) their construction of messages (enactment), and (d) their role within a group or social network (communal). Thus, CTI views identity as a communicative and relational phenomenon. We analyze the layers of identity of IGS and their spouses living in the United States and find that although there are some coincidences, individuals within the studentdependent dyad mostly do not follow a common path of re-construction of their identity frames. Each narrative reflects individual and dyads’ struggles as they work to define their new identities. For this phenomenological study, we conduct individual in-depth interviews with 16 couples from 12 different countries.
References
Anderson, J. (2000). The organizational self and the practices of control and resistance. Australian Journal of Communication, 27, 1-32.
Bardhan, N., & Orbe, M. P. (Eds.). (2012). Identity research and communication: Intercultural reflections and future directions.
Bender, M., van Osch, Y., Sleegers, W., & Ye, M. (2019). Social support benefits psychological adjustment of international students: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(7), 827-847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022119861151
Bergquist, G., Soliz, J., Everhart, K., Braithwaite, D. O., & Kreimer, L. (2019). Investigating Layers of identity and Identity Gaps in Refugee Resettlement Experiences in the Midwestern United States. Western Journal of Communication, 83(3), 383-402.Brooks, R. (2018). The construction of higher education students in English policy documents. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 39(6), 745-761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2018.1552009
Caputo, J. D. (1984). Husserl, Heidegger and the question of a “hermeneutic” phenomenology. Husserl Studies, 1(1), 157-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569213
Ching, L. T. (2001). Becoming Japanese: Colonial Taiwan and the politics of identity formation. Univ of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520225510.001.0001
Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiring and research design: Choosing many fine traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Colaner, C. W., Halliwell, D. & Guignon, P. (2014) What Do You Say to Your Mother When Your Mother’s Standing Beside You?” Birth and Adoptive Family Contributions to Adoptive Identity via Relational Identity and Relational–Relational Identity Gap. Communication Monographs, 81(4), 469-494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2014.955808
De Araujo, A. (2011). Adjustment issues of international students enrolled in American colleges and universities: A review of the literature. Higher Education Studies, 1(1), 2-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v1n1p2
De Verthelyi, R. F. (1995). International students' spouses: Invisible sojourners in the culture shock literature. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19(3), 387-411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(95)00028-A
Department of Homeland Security. (January 10, 2020). Immigration data and statistics. Retrieved February 23, 2020 from https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics
Department of Homeland Security. (ND). Bringing dependents to the United States. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from https://studyinthestates.dhs.gov/dependents.
Doyle, S., Loveridge, J., & Faamanatu-Eteuati, N. (2016). Counting family: Making the family of international students visible in higher education policy and practice. Higher Education Policy, 29(2), 184-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2015.20
Eisikovits, Z. & Koren, C. (2010). Approaches to and Outcomes of Dyadic Interview Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 20(12), 1642–1655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310376520
Elfeel, S. & Bailey, L. E. (2018). Sojourners navigating structural constraints: international student spouses learning English in an informal centre. Gender and Education, 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2018.1547371
Evans, T. M., Bira, L., Gastelum, J. B., Weiss, L. T., & Vanderford, N. L. (2018). Evidence for a mental health crisis in graduate education. Nature biotechnology, 36(3), 282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4089
Guerrero, L. K., Andersen, P. A., & Afifi, W. A. (2017). Close encounters: Communication in relationships. Sage Publications.
Hecht, M. L. (1993). A research odyssey: Toward the development of a communication theory of identity. Communications Monographs, 60(1), 76-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759309376297
Hecht, M. L., & Choi, H. (2012). The communication theory of identity as a framework for health message design. Health communication message design: Theory and practice, 137-152.
Hecht, M. L., Faulkner, S. L., Meyer, C. R., Niles, T. A., Golden, D., & Cutler, M. (2002). Looking through Northern Exposure at Jewish American identity and the communication theory of identity. Journal of Communication, 52(4), 852-869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02577.x
Hecht, M. L., Warren, J., Jung, E., & Krieger, J. (2005). The communication theory of identity. Theorizing about intercultural communication, 257-278.
Hopkins , N., & Blackwood, L. (2011) Every day citizenship: Identity and recognition. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 215-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1088
Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (2014). Student and Exchange Visitor Program. https://www.ice.gov/sevis
Kam, J. A., & Hecht, M. L. (2009). Investigating the role of identity gaps among communicative and relational outcomes within the grandparent–grandchild relationship: The young-adult grandchildren's perspective. Western Journal of Communication, 73(4), 456-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310903279067
Kamara, A. (2017). International students and "the presentation of self" across cultures. Journal of International Students, 7(2), 291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i2.382
Kim, Y. Y. (2005). A contextual theory of intercultural communication. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 323–349). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jung, E. & Hecht, M. L. (2004). Elaborating the communication theory of identity: Identity gaps and communication outcomes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370197
Lee, J. J. (2010). International students’ experiences and attitudes at a US host institution: Self-reports and future recommendations. Journal of Research in International Education, 9(1), 66-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240909356382
Lindlof, T. R. & Taylor B. C. (2010). Qualitative Communication Research Methods. Sage Publications.
Lin, Y., & Kingminghae, W. (2018). Intimate relationships and mobility intentions of Thai international students in Chinese universities: A gendered analysis. Population, Space and Place, 24(5), e2120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2120
Liu, N., Zhang, Y. B., & Wiebe, W. T. (2017). Initial communication with and attitudes toward international students: Testing the mediating effects of friendship formation variables. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 46(4), 330-345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2017.1344999
Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. Handbook of adolescent psychology, 9(11), 159-187.
Metro-Roland, M. (2018). Community, identity, and international student engagement. Journal of International Students, 8(3), 1408-1421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i3.63
Padilla-Diaz, M. (2015). Phenomenology in educational qualitative research: Philosophy as science or philosophical science? International Journal of Educational Excellence, 1(2), 101-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18562/IJEE.2015.0009
Saldaña, J. (2014). Coding and analysis strategies. In The Oxford handbook of qualitative research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199811755.013.001
Skorikov, V. B., & Vondracek, F. W. (2011). Occupational identity. In Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 693-714). Springer, New York, NY. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_29
Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (2010). Social identity and intergroup relations (Vol. 7). Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, M. J., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Vogel, R. M. (2020). The cost of being ignored: Emotional exhaustion in the work and family domains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(2), 186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000433
Ting-Toomey, S. (2005) Identity negotiation theory. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 173-191). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tran, L. T. (2009). Making visible ‘hidden’ intentions and potential choices: International students in intercultural communication. Language and Intercultural communication, 9(4), 271-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14708470902807693
Vakkai, R. J. Y., Harris, K., Crabbe, J. J., Chaplin, K. S., & Reynolds, M. (2020). Sociocultural Factors That Impact the Health Status, Quality of Life, and Academic Achievement of International Graduate Students. Journal of International Students, 10(3), 758-775. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.1222
Wadsworth, B. C., Hecht, M. L., & Jung, E. (2008). The role of identity gaps, discrimination, and acculturation in international students’ educational satisfaction in American classrooms. Communication Education, 57(1), 64-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520701668407
Wee, A. (2019). Space and identity construction: A study of female Singaporean undergraduates in the UK. Journal of International Students, 9(2), 384-411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i2.643
Zimmermann, S. (1995). Perceptions of intercultural communication competence and international student adaptation to an American campus. Communication Education, 44(4), 321-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529509379022
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of International Students
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License.