Conscientiousness and Motivator Factors
Can they contribute to each other among TVET Teachers of Nepal?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jise.v9i1.1898Keywords:
Conscientiousness, Motivator factors, Work Itself, Promotion, Recognition, Social Capital, TVET TeachersAbstract
The conscientiousness and motivator factors are the fundamental concerns of the organizational behavior among TVET school settings. Taking into an account, this study intends to assess the level and examine the influences between conscientiousness and motivator factors among TVET teachers. For these purposes, the researcher employed the post-positivist paradigm with cross-sectional survey approaches and collected information via a questionnaire from 302 TVET teachers under different clusters. Then, the information was analyzed via descriptive and inferential (e.g. correlation and regression analysis) statistics, and further discussed the obtained results by incorporating the social capital theory. This study explored the high conscientiousness and moderate level of motivator factors, and positive correlation between them among teachers. Furthermore, the increment in conscientiousness contributes to enhance the motivator factors and vice versa. The boosting of conscientiousness and motivator factors collaboratively increased the work performances and finally increases the academic achievements of the school.
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References
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Asian Development Bank. (2015). Innovative strategies in technical and vocational education and training for accelerated human resource development in South Asia. Mandaluyong City: Author. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/176564/tvet-hrd-south-asia-nepal.pdf
Awerosno, O. E. (2017). Motivation and teacher’s effectiveness in the class work in Ughalli North local government area of Delta state. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 17(3), 9-17.
Ayios, A., Jeurissen, R., Manning, P., & Spence, L. J. (2014). Social capital: A review from an ethics perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(1), 108-124. Doi:10.1111/beer.12040.
Best, J. W. (1977). Research in education. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bhurtel, A. (2015). Technical and vocational education and training in workforce development. Journal of training and development, 1(1), 77-84.
Bourdieu, P. (1986) The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York, Greenwood), 241-258.
Bowling, N. A. (2010). Effects of job satisfaction and conscientiousness on extra-role behaviors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2010(25), 119-130. doi:10.1007/s10869-009-9134-0
Bukit, M. (2012). Strengthening TVET teacher education: Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC online conference (25 June to 6 July 2012). Germany: UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.
Carver, R. H., & Nash, J. G. (2012). Doing data analysis with SPSS version 18.0. Delhi: Cengage Learning India Private Limited.
Clark, M. H., & Schroth, C. A. (2010). Examining relationship between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(2010), 19-24.
Conrad, N., & Patry, M. W. (2012). Conscientiousness and academic performance: A meditational analysis. International Journal for the Scholarship for the Teaching and Learning, 6(1), 1-14. doi:10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060108
Cubel, M., Nuevo-Chiquero, A., Sanchez-Pages, M., & Vidal-Fernandez, M. (2016). Do personality traits affect productivity? Evidence from the lab. The Economic Journal, 126(592), 654-681. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12373
Dehaloo, G. (2011). The motivation and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Kwazulunatal: An educational management perspective. (Doctoral thesis, University of South Africa). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43168590.pdf
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197-229. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197
Department of Customs. (2018). Nepal foreign trade statistics: Fiscal year 2017/18 (2074/75). Kathmandu: Author.
Dolton, P., Marcenaro, O., Vries, R. D., She, P. (2018). Global teacher status index 2018. London: Varkey Foundation.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (2011). Organizational citizenship behavior checklist (OCB-C). Retrieved from http://www.shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/ocbcpag.html
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions (2012 ed.). Asheboro, NC: Statistical publishing associates.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through design of work. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hart, J. W., Stasson, M. F., Mahoney, J. M., & Story, P. (2007). The big five and achievement motivation: Exploring the relationship between personality and a two-factor model of motivation. Individual Differences Research, 5(4), 267-274.
Hassan, S., Akhtar, N., & Yilmaz, A. K. (2016). Impact of conscientiousness as personality trait on both job and organizational performance. Journal of Managerial Science, X(1), 1-14.
Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Research in Nursing and Health, 31, 180-191. doi:10.1002/nur.20247.
Inayatullah, A., & Jehangir, P. (2012). Teacher’s job performance: The role of motivation. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 78-99.
International Labour Organization. (2017). Nepal labour market update: ILO country office for Nepal (January 2017). Lalitpur: Author.
Jackson, J. J., Wood, D., Bogg, T., Walton, K. E., Harms, P. D., & Roberts, B. W. (2010). What do conscientiousness people do? Development and validation of the behavioral indicators of conscientiousness (BIC). J Res Pers, 44(4), 501-511. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.005
Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530–541.
Kafle, A. P. (2007). Work force development in Nepal: Policies and practices. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.
Kerlinger, F. N. (2011). Foundations of Behavioral research (2nd ed.). Delhi: Surjeet Publications.
Khadka, J. (2010). Job satisfaction of institutional school teachers of Kathmandu district of Nepal. Unpublished Master of Philosophy dissertation on education, Kathmandu University: Kavre.
Kilinc, A. C. (2014). A quantitative study of the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Perceptions of Turkish primary school teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 69-78.
Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., & Schmeck, R. R. (2009). Role of the big five personality traits in predicting college students’ academic motivation and achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(2009), 47-52. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.07.001
Ministry of Education and Sports. (2000). Teacher service commission rules, 2057(2000). Kathmandu. Author.
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2018). Educational brochure 2017. Kathmandu: Author.
Ministry of Finance. (2014). Nepal growth diagnostic. Kathmandu: Author.
Ministry of Labour and Employment. (2016). National employment policy 2071. Kathmandu: Author.
Muhammad, S. K. (2012), Role of commitment in the development of employee’s citizenship behavior: Evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(20), 247-254.
Mushtaq, K., & Umar, M. (2015). Association between job satisfaction, motivation and five factors of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9(8), 2872-2878.
Nepal Law Commission. (2015). The constitution of Nepal. Retrieved from http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=2&f unc=startdown&id=163&lang=en.
Newland, S. J. (2012). Organizational citizenship behavior- individual or organizational citizenship behavior- organization: Does the underlying motive matter? (Master theses, Western Kentucky University). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=2162&context=theses
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (2018). The roots of organizational citizenship behavior. In P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. Mackenzie, & N. P. Podsakoff (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (pp. 285-296). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780 1902 19000.013.2
Organ, D. W., & Lingl, A. (1995). Personality, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 339-350. doi:10.1080/00224545.1995.9713963
Ozan, M. B., Ozdemir, T. Y., & Yaras, Z. (2017). The effects of social capital elements on job satisfaction and motivation levels of teachers. European Journal of Educational Studies, 3(4), 49-68. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.344895
Pun, W. (2013, July 30). Who wouldn’t want be a doctor? Kathmandu Post. Retrieved from http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2013-07-30/who-wouldnt-want-to-be-a-doctor.html
Ranasinghe, V. R. (2016). The relationship between job satisfaction and the OCB in fabric manufacturing industry in Sri Lanka. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(12), 898-904.
Rezaei, S., Jahangirpour, M., Mousavi, V., & Mousavi, H. (2014). The mediating role of conscientiousness in the relationship between attitudes toward addiction and academic achievement. Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal of Drug Abuse, 8(30), 47-60.
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. & Vohra, N. (2013). Organizational Behavior (15th Ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Santos, J. R. A., (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool of assessing the reliability scales. Journal of extension, 37(2), 1-5.
Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1994). Social class, occupational status, occupational self-direction, and job income: A cross-national examination. Sociological Forum, 9(3), 431-458.
Shrestha, M. (2019). Influence of Age group on Job Satisfaction in Academia. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(3), 30-41. doi: 10.33215/sjom.v2i3.141
Singh, K. (2007). Quantitative social research methods. New Delhi: Sage publications India Pvt Ltd.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
Spector, P. E. (1994). Job satisfaction, survey, jss page. Retrieved from http://www.shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/jsspag.html
Sreejech, S., Mohapatra, S., & Anusree, M. R. (2014). Business research methods: An applied orientation. Cham: Springer.
Steers, R. M., Steers, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Introduction to special topic forum: The future of work motivation theory. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 379-387.
Szreter, S. (2002). The state of social capital: Bringing back in power, politics and history. Theory and Society, 31(5), 573-621.
Teck-Hong, T., & Waheed, A. (2011). Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene and job satisfaction in the Malayasia retail sector: Mediating effect of love of money. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 73-94.
Tietjen, M. A., Myers, R. M. (1998). Motivation and job satisfaction. Management Decision, 36(4), 226-231. doi:10.1108/00251749810211027
Tomsik, R. (2018). Conscientiousness as predictors of intrinsic motivation for choosing teaching as a career and academic achievement. Paper presented at the conference: PhD existence 2018, “Infinity in psychology”, Olomouc. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326059145
Tulin, M., Lancee, B., & Volker, B. (2018). Personality and social capital. Social Psychology Quarterly, 81(4), 295-319. doi:10.1177/0190272518804533.
Varma, C. (2019). Importance of employee motivation & job satisfaction for organizational performance. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research, 6(2), 10-20.
Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary sampling theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Youshan, B. B., & Hassan, Z. (2015). The effects of employees personality on organizational performance: Study on insurance company. International Journal of Accounting, Business and Management, 3(1), 197-206.
Asian Development Bank. (2015). Innovative strategies in technical and vocational education and training for accelerated human resource development in South Asia. Mandaluyong City: Author. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/176564/tvet-hrd-south-asia-nepal.pdf
Awerosno, O. E. (2017). Motivation and teacher’s effectiveness in the class work in Ughalli North local government area of Delta state. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 17(3), 9-17.
Ayios, A., Jeurissen, R., Manning, P., & Spence, L. J. (2014). Social capital: A review from an ethics perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(1), 108-124. Doi:10.1111/beer.12040.
Best, J. W. (1977). Research in education. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bhurtel, A. (2015). Technical and vocational education and training in workforce development. Journal of training and development, 1(1), 77-84.
Bourdieu, P. (1986) The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York, Greenwood), 241-258.
Bowling, N. A. (2010). Effects of job satisfaction and conscientiousness on extra-role behaviors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2010(25), 119-130. doi:10.1007/s10869-009-9134-0
Bukit, M. (2012). Strengthening TVET teacher education: Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC online conference (25 June to 6 July 2012). Germany: UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.
Carver, R. H., & Nash, J. G. (2012). Doing data analysis with SPSS version 18.0. Delhi: Cengage Learning India Private Limited.
Clark, M. H., & Schroth, C. A. (2010). Examining relationship between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(2010), 19-24.
Conrad, N., & Patry, M. W. (2012). Conscientiousness and academic performance: A meditational analysis. International Journal for the Scholarship for the Teaching and Learning, 6(1), 1-14. doi:10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060108
Cubel, M., Nuevo-Chiquero, A., Sanchez-Pages, M., & Vidal-Fernandez, M. (2016). Do personality traits affect productivity? Evidence from the lab. The Economic Journal, 126(592), 654-681. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12373
Dehaloo, G. (2011). The motivation and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Kwazulunatal: An educational management perspective. (Doctoral thesis, University of South Africa). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43168590.pdf
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197-229. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197
Department of Customs. (2018). Nepal foreign trade statistics: Fiscal year 2017/18 (2074/75). Kathmandu: Author.
Dolton, P., Marcenaro, O., Vries, R. D., She, P. (2018). Global teacher status index 2018. London: Varkey Foundation.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (2011). Organizational citizenship behavior checklist (OCB-C). Retrieved from http://www.shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/ocbcpag.html
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions (2012 ed.). Asheboro, NC: Statistical publishing associates.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through design of work. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hart, J. W., Stasson, M. F., Mahoney, J. M., & Story, P. (2007). The big five and achievement motivation: Exploring the relationship between personality and a two-factor model of motivation. Individual Differences Research, 5(4), 267-274.
Hassan, S., Akhtar, N., & Yilmaz, A. K. (2016). Impact of conscientiousness as personality trait on both job and organizational performance. Journal of Managerial Science, X(1), 1-14.
Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Research in Nursing and Health, 31, 180-191. doi:10.1002/nur.20247.
Inayatullah, A., & Jehangir, P. (2012). Teacher’s job performance: The role of motivation. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 78-99.
International Labour Organization. (2017). Nepal labour market update: ILO country office for Nepal (January 2017). Lalitpur: Author.
Jackson, J. J., Wood, D., Bogg, T., Walton, K. E., Harms, P. D., & Roberts, B. W. (2010). What do conscientiousness people do? Development and validation of the behavioral indicators of conscientiousness (BIC). J Res Pers, 44(4), 501-511. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.005
Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530–541.
Kafle, A. P. (2007). Work force development in Nepal: Policies and practices. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.
Kerlinger, F. N. (2011). Foundations of Behavioral research (2nd ed.). Delhi: Surjeet Publications.
Khadka, J. (2010). Job satisfaction of institutional school teachers of Kathmandu district of Nepal. Unpublished Master of Philosophy dissertation on education, Kathmandu University: Kavre.
Kilinc, A. C. (2014). A quantitative study of the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Perceptions of Turkish primary school teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 69-78.
Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., & Schmeck, R. R. (2009). Role of the big five personality traits in predicting college students’ academic motivation and achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(2009), 47-52. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.07.001
Ministry of Education and Sports. (2000). Teacher service commission rules, 2057(2000). Kathmandu. Author.
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2018). Educational brochure 2017. Kathmandu: Author.
Ministry of Finance. (2014). Nepal growth diagnostic. Kathmandu: Author.
Ministry of Labour and Employment. (2016). National employment policy 2071. Kathmandu: Author.
Muhammad, S. K. (2012), Role of commitment in the development of employee’s citizenship behavior: Evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(20), 247-254.
Mushtaq, K., & Umar, M. (2015). Association between job satisfaction, motivation and five factors of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9(8), 2872-2878.
Nepal Law Commission. (2015). The constitution of Nepal. Retrieved from http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=2&f unc=startdown&id=163&lang=en.
Newland, S. J. (2012). Organizational citizenship behavior- individual or organizational citizenship behavior- organization: Does the underlying motive matter? (Master theses, Western Kentucky University). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=2162&context=theses
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (2018). The roots of organizational citizenship behavior. In P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. Mackenzie, & N. P. Podsakoff (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (pp. 285-296). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780 1902 19000.013.2
Organ, D. W., & Lingl, A. (1995). Personality, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 339-350. doi:10.1080/00224545.1995.9713963
Ozan, M. B., Ozdemir, T. Y., & Yaras, Z. (2017). The effects of social capital elements on job satisfaction and motivation levels of teachers. European Journal of Educational Studies, 3(4), 49-68. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.344895
Pun, W. (2013, July 30). Who wouldn’t want be a doctor? Kathmandu Post. Retrieved from http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2013-07-30/who-wouldnt-want-to-be-a-doctor.html
Ranasinghe, V. R. (2016). The relationship between job satisfaction and the OCB in fabric manufacturing industry in Sri Lanka. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(12), 898-904.
Rezaei, S., Jahangirpour, M., Mousavi, V., & Mousavi, H. (2014). The mediating role of conscientiousness in the relationship between attitudes toward addiction and academic achievement. Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal of Drug Abuse, 8(30), 47-60.
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. & Vohra, N. (2013). Organizational Behavior (15th Ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Santos, J. R. A., (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool of assessing the reliability scales. Journal of extension, 37(2), 1-5.
Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1994). Social class, occupational status, occupational self-direction, and job income: A cross-national examination. Sociological Forum, 9(3), 431-458.
Shrestha, M. (2019). Influence of Age group on Job Satisfaction in Academia. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(3), 30-41. doi: 10.33215/sjom.v2i3.141
Singh, K. (2007). Quantitative social research methods. New Delhi: Sage publications India Pvt Ltd.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
Spector, P. E. (1994). Job satisfaction, survey, jss page. Retrieved from http://www.shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/jsspag.html
Sreejech, S., Mohapatra, S., & Anusree, M. R. (2014). Business research methods: An applied orientation. Cham: Springer.
Steers, R. M., Steers, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Introduction to special topic forum: The future of work motivation theory. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 379-387.
Szreter, S. (2002). The state of social capital: Bringing back in power, politics and history. Theory and Society, 31(5), 573-621.
Teck-Hong, T., & Waheed, A. (2011). Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene and job satisfaction in the Malayasia retail sector: Mediating effect of love of money. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 73-94.
Tietjen, M. A., Myers, R. M. (1998). Motivation and job satisfaction. Management Decision, 36(4), 226-231. doi:10.1108/00251749810211027
Tomsik, R. (2018). Conscientiousness as predictors of intrinsic motivation for choosing teaching as a career and academic achievement. Paper presented at the conference: PhD existence 2018, “Infinity in psychology”, Olomouc. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326059145
Tulin, M., Lancee, B., & Volker, B. (2018). Personality and social capital. Social Psychology Quarterly, 81(4), 295-319. doi:10.1177/0190272518804533.
Varma, C. (2019). Importance of employee motivation & job satisfaction for organizational performance. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research, 6(2), 10-20.
Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary sampling theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Youshan, B. B., & Hassan, Z. (2015). The effects of employees personality on organizational performance: Study on insurance company. International Journal of Accounting, Business and Management, 3(1), 197-206.
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2020-05-12
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Conscientiousness and Motivator Factors: Can they contribute to each other among TVET Teachers of Nepal?. (2020). Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 9(1), 117-137. https://doi.org/10.32674/jise.v9i1.1898
