How prepared are faculty for responsible artificial intelligence integration?
Evidence from a university context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/kr1x4c51Keywords:
artificial intelligence in higher education, AI governance, faculty digital competence, responsible AI integrationAbstract
The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence in higher education has created opportunities to enhance teaching, research, and academic productivity. This study examined AI utilization and governance readiness among faculty members using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and joint-display integration. Findings revealed high level of AI awareness, utilization, and perceived usefulness. Both quantitative and qualitative findings highlighted strong support for institutional AI policies, faculty development programs, and governance mechanisms that promote responsible AI integration. It contributes to the emerging discourse on responsible AI in higher education by proposing a multidimensional perspective of AI readiness and providing evidence to support the development of context-sensitive governance frameworks for ethical and sustainable AI adoption in universities.
References
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2023). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Daniel, B. K., Butson, R., & Sarkar, A. (2026). Responsible AI governance in higher education institutions. Educational Technology & Society, 29(1), 45–59.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., et al. (2023). So what if ChatGPT wrote it? Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges, and implications of generative conversational AI. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
Espartinez, M. P. (2025). ChatGPT integration in Philippine higher education: Opportunities and challenges. Philippine Journal of Education Technology, 10(1), 25–39.
Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1421
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., et al. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Fuller, R., Raman, M., Sage-Gavin, E., & Hines, K. (2022). AI-powered organizations: How artificial intelligence is reshaping business and education. Harvard Business Review Press.
Gas-ib, P. L., Wacas, E. J., Ocay, A., & Mariani, M. J. (2026). Examining multidimensional internationalization and institutional development in a global south university: Evidence from a Philippine public higher education institution. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 15(4), 155-192. https://doi.org/10.32674/6tjq0f68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/6tjq0f68
Göçen, A., & Aydemir, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education and digital literacy. Educational Process: International Journal, 9(1), 7–20.
Gkrimpizi, T., Karyotaki, M., & Drigas, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence adoption in higher education institutions. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 18(6), 4–19.
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promise and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Israel, M., & Hay, I. (2006). Research ethics for social scientists. Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209779
Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2
Kabudi, T., Pappas, I., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Kamalov, F., Santandreu Calonge, D., & Gurrib, I. (2023). Artificial intelligence adoption in education: A systematic review. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100107.
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., et al. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Khairullah, K., Rahman, M., & Alam, S. (2025). Ethical AI adoption in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 73(1), 55–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-33584-6.00004-9
Li, M., Enkhtur, A., Cheng, F., & Yamamoto, B. A. (2024). Ethical implications of ChatGPT in higher education: A scoping review. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 13(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.32674/jise.v13i1.6072
Mollick, E. R. and Mollick, L. (2023). Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, with Prompts. The Wharton School Research Paper. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4475995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4475995
Muhie, Y., & Wolde, T. (2023). Determinants of AI adoption in higher education institutions. Education Sciences, 13(3), 255.
Nguyen, A., Gardner, L., & Sheridan, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 4, 100120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100120
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
OECD. (2023). AI in education: Challenges and opportunities. OECD Publishing.
Okorie, N., Olanrewaju, R., & Adedoyin, O. (2024). Responsible AI governance in education systems. Technology in Society, 74, 102315.
Perante, L., Ramos, J., & Santos, K. (2025). Artificial intelligence integration in Philippine higher education. Philippine Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 15–29.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1), 342–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
Sampah, S. N. A., Nabang, M., Krampa, E. K., Issah, M., Koduah, F., Essel, H. B., & Adu-Agyem, J. (2026). Generative AI Competence and Student Engagement in Higher Education: Mediating Roles of Utilization, Autonomy, and Formal Learning. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 15(2), 109-146. https://doi.org/10.32674/3s3cx241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/3s3cx241
Saputra, H., Kurniawan, A., & Widodo, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence and digital transformation in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(9), 11235–11250.
Schroeder, U., Adesope, O., & Kim, J. (2022). AI-based personalized learning systems. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(2), 1–18.
Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Crown Business.
Southworth, J., Migdal, C., & Bauer, L. (2023). Developing AI literacy among educators. Computers and Education Open, 4, 100115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100127
Talidong, K. J., & Toquero, C. M. (2020). Philippine teachers’ readiness for online teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(3), 1–12.
UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO Publishing.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Xie, H., Chu, H. C., Hwang, G. J., & Wang, C. C. (2025). Artificial intelligence adoption in higher education: Behavioral and pedagogical implications. Computers & Education, 195, 104728.
Yu, Z. (2024). Ethical issues in AI-assisted education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(1), 233–250.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of AI applications in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39), 1–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ethel Jovy Garcia-Wacas, Pinky Larcelle L. Gas-ib, Romualdo U. Wacas, Abigail Quimosing-Ocay, Marlon D. Sipe

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




