Pre-Service International Teaching Assistant’s (ITA’s) investments in their ITA Training Course

A Multiple Case Study

Authors

  • Roger Anderson Central State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i3a.4071

Keywords:

ITA, international teaching assistant, ESL, investment, experience, Pre-Service ITA

Abstract

Research has focused almost exclusively on ITA’s experiences as instructors, overlooking the ITA training class.  This has led to the marginalization of Pre-Service ITA’s in the literature.  The locus of potentially important learning, a descriptive, multiple case study examined the investment (Darvin & Norton, 2015) of 3 Pre-Service ITA’s in their ITA training class over one semester at a large U.S. university.  Data included ITA’s weekly journals, individual interviews/ stimulated recalls, class assignments, and fieldnotes from classroom observations.  Findings are presented as portraits of real, multifaceted ITA’s, then from cross-case analyses.  Participants experienced the same course very differently, impacted most prominently by their ITA educators’ teaching approach, their exposure to teaching role models, and their home department structures.  Recognizing the incredible diversity ITA’s represent, pedagogical implications suggest an “intense exposure experience” or teaching-training focused pedagogy be implemented -instead of test-centric pedagogies, situating ITA’s learning within un-simulated spaces with real undergraduates. 

References

REFERENCES

Adebayo, C. T., & Allen, M. (2020). The experiences of international teaching assistants in the US classroom: A qualitative study. Journal of International Students, 10(1)

Althen, G. (1991). Teaching culture to international teaching assistants. In J. Nyquist, R. Abbott, D. Wulff & J. Sprague (Eds.), Preparing the professoriate of tomorrow to teach: Selected readings in TA training (pp. 350-355). Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.

Ashavskaya, E. (2015). International teaching assistants' experiences in the U.S. classrooms: Implications for practice. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 56-69.

Ates, B., & Eslami, Z. R. (2012). Teaching experiences of native and nonnative english-speaking graduate teaching assistants and their perceptions of preservice teachers. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 23(3), 99-127.

Ates, B., & Eslami, Z. R. (2012). An analysis of non-native english-speaking graduate teaching assistants' online journal entries. Language and Education, 26(6), 537-552.

Axelson, E., & Madden, C. (1994). Discourse strategies for ITAs across instructional contexts. In C. Madden, & C. Myers (Eds.), Discourse and performance of international teaching assistants (pp. 153-185). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages.

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). Greenwood Press.

Byrd, P., & Constantinides, J. (1995). Textbooks for training programs for international teaching assistants at U.S. universities. In P. Byrd (Ed.), Material writer's guide (pp. 137-146). Heinle & Heinle.

Byrd, P., & Constantinides, J. C. (1988). FTA training programs: Searching for appropriate teaching styles. English for Specific Purposes, 7(2), 123-129.

Compton, L. K. L. (2007). The impact of content and context on international teaching assistants' willingness to communicate in the language classroom. Tesl-Ej, 10(4)

Cousins, J., Sequiera, D., Wright, S., & Langham, C. (1988). Training foreign TA’s: Pedagogical teaching skills- a matrix system to target FTA training. In J. Constantinides (Ed.), Wyoming : NAFSA institute on foreign TA training. working papers. volume I (pp. 109-111). Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse.

Crumley, H. (2010). Instructional technology in international teaching assistant (ITA) programs. CALICO Journal, 27(2), 409-431.

Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2015). Identity and a model of investment in applied linguistics. Ann Rev Appl Linguist Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 36-56.

Douglas Fir Group. (2016). A transdisciplinary framework for SLA in a multilingual world. MODL the Modern Language Journal, 100(S1), 19-47.

Duff, P. (2008). Case study research in applied linguistics

Gorsuch, G. (2012a). International teaching assistants' experiences in educational cultures and their teaching beliefs. Tesl-Ej, 16(1)

Gorsuch, G. (2012b). Working theories for teaching assistant development : Time-tested & robust theories, frameworks, & models for TA & ITA learning. New Forums.

Gorsuch, G. (2013). Helping international teaching assistants acquire discourse intonation: Explicit and implicit L2 knowledge. Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 1(2), 67-92.

Gorsuch, G. (2014). Carmen munoz (ed.): Intensive exposure experiences in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 35(5), 615-617. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu029

Gorsuch, G. (2016). International teaching assistants at universities: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 49(2), 275-290.

Gorsuch, G. (2003). The educational cultures of international teaching assistants and U.S. universities. Tesl-Ej, 7(3)

Gorsuch, G. (2006). Discipline-specific practica for international teaching assistants. English for Specific Purposes, 25(1), 90-108.

Gorsuch, G. (2011). Improving speaking fluency for international teaching assistants by increasing input. Tesl-Ej, 14(4)

Hao, R. N. (2009). Finding spirituality through confrontation and celebration of asianness in the classroom. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (120), 47-54.

Hebbani, A., & Hendrix, K. G. (2014). Capturing the experiences of international teaching assistants in the US american classroom. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (138), 61-72.

Hoekje, B., & Williams, J. (1994). Communicative competence as a theoretical framework for ITA education. In C. Madden, & C. Myers (Eds.), Discourse and performance of international teaching assistants (pp. 11-26). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages.

Hoekje, B., & Linnell, K. (1994). "Authenticity" in language testing: Evaluating spoken language tests for international teaching assistants. TESOL Quarterly, 28(1), 103-26.

Hyland, K. (2010). Researching writing. In B. Paltridge, & A. Phakiti (Eds.), Continuum companion to research methods in applied linguistics (pp. 191-204). Continuum.

Jenkins, S. (1997). Cultural and pragmatic miscues: A case study of international teaching assistant and academic faculty miscommunication. (). http://proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED411684&site=ehost-live

Jia, C. J., & Bergerson, A. A. (2008). Understanding the international teaching assistant training program: A case study at a northwestern research university. International Education, 37(2), 77-98.

Kang, O., & Rubin, D. L. (2012). Intergroup contact exercises as a tool for mitigating undergraduates' attitudes toward nonnative english-speaking teaching assistants. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 23(3), 157-166.

Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject : What foreign language learners say about their experience and why it matters. Oxford University Press.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.

LeGros, N., & Faez, F. (2012). The intersection between intercultural competence and teaching behaviors: A case of international teaching assistants. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 23(3), 7-31.

Leung, C., Harris, R., & Rampton, B. (1997). The idealized native speaker, reified ethnicities, and classroom realities. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 543-60.

Levis, J., Muller Levis, G., & Slater, T. (2012). Written english into spoken: A functional discourse analysis of american, indian, and chinese TA presentations. In G. Gorsuch (Ed.), Working theories for teaching assistant development : Time-tested & robust theories, frameworks, & models for TA & ITA learning (pp. 529-573). New Forums.

Li, G. (2007). Home environment and second-language acquisition: The importance of family capital. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(3), 285-299.

Merriam, S.B. (1998) Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research : A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.

Mishima, M., & Cheng, L.The impact of a computer-mediated shadowing activity on ESL speaking skill development: A pilot study. L2 Journal, 9(1), 21-35.

Mutua, C. N. (2014). Opposite worlds, singular mission: Teaching as an ITA. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (138), 51-60.

Myles, J., & Cheng, L. (2003). The social and cultural life of non-native english speaking international graduate students at a canadian university. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 2(3), 247-263.

Norton, B. (2019). Identity and language learning: 2019 retrospective account. Canadian Modern Language Review, 75(4), 299-307.

Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language Teaching, 44(4), 412-446.

Numrich, C. (1993). Changing (and unchanging) attitudes and values of new ITAs: Training curricula implications. In K. Lewis (Ed.), The TA experience : Preparing for multiple roles : Selected readings from the 3rd national conference on the training and employment of graduate teaching assistants, november 6-7, 1991, austin, texas (pp. 359-367). New Forums Press.

Papajohn, D. J. (2006). Orientation for international teaching assistants: Integrating drama for communication. In D. Kaufman, B. Brownworth & J. Burton (Eds.), Professional development of international teaching assistants (pp. 137-150). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL).

Papajohn, D. J., Alsberg, B., & Willenbrough, B. (2002). An ESP program for international teaching assistants. In T. Orr (Ed.), English for specific purposes (pp. 89-101). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages.

Reinhardt, J. (2010). Directives in office hour consultations: A corpus-informed investigation of learner and expert usage. English for Specific Purposes, 29(2), 94-107.

Ross, C., & Dunphy, J. (2007). Strategies for teaching assistant and international teaching assistant development : Beyond micro teaching. Jossey-Bass.

Rounds, P. L. (1987). Characterizing successful classroom discourse for NNS teaching assistant training. TESOL Quarterly, 21(4), 643-71.

Salinas, M. F., Kozuh, G., & Seraphine, A. E. (1999). I think I can: Improving teaching self-confidence of international teaching assistants. Journal of Graduate Teaching Assistant Development, 6(3), 149-56.

Salomone, A. M. (1998). Communicative grammar teaching: A problem for and a message from international teaching assistants. Foreign Language Annals, 31(4), 552-566.

Sequiera, D. (1988). ITAs and the road to communicative competence: Mapping a department. In J. Constantinides (Ed.), Wyoming : NAFSA institute on foreign TA training. working papers. volume I (pp. 129-138). Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse.

Smith, K. S., & Simpson, R. D. (1993). Becoming successful as an international teaching assistant. Review of Higher Education, 16(4), 483-97.

Smith, R., & Logan, S. (1995). The myers-briggs type indicator and ITAs. Paper presented at the Teaching Graduate Students to Teach : Engaging the Disciplines : Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on the Training and Employment of Graduate Teaching Assistants, November 10-13, 1993, 119-124.

Stake, R. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 443-466). Sage.

Stenson, N., Downing, B., Smith, J., & Smith, K. (1992). The effectiveness of computer-assisted pronunciation training. CALICO Journal, 9(4), 5-19.

Stevens, S. G. (1989). A "dramatic" approach to improving the intelligibility of ITAs. English for Specific Purposes, 8(2), 181-94.

Stevenson, I., & Jenkins, S. (1994). Journal writing in the training of international teaching assistants. Journal of Second Language Writing, 3(2), 97-120.

Tanner, M. W., Selfe, S., & Wiegand, D. (1993). The balanced equation to training chemistry ITA's. In K. G. Lewis (Ed.), The TA experience : Preparing for multiple roles : Selected readings from the 3rd national conference on the training and employment of graduate teaching assistants, november 6-7, 1991, austin, texas (pp. 410-419). New Forums Press.

Tapper, G., & Kidder, K. (2006). A research-informed approach to international teaching assistants. In D. Kaufman, B. Brownworth & J. Burton (Eds.), Professional development of international teaching assistants (pp. 17-33). Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL).

Tavares, V. (2021). Theoretical perspectives on international student identity. Journal of Comparative &Amp; International Higher Education, 13(2), 83-97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v13i2.2949

Wallace, L. (2015). Reflexive photography, attitudes, behavior, and CALL: ITAs improving spoken english intelligibility. CALICO Journal, 32(3), 449-479.

Wennerstrom, A. K. (1992). Content-based pronunciation. TESOL Journal, 1(3), 15-18.

Williams, G. M., & Case, R. E. (2015). Tale of the tape: International teaching assistant noticing during videotaped classroom observations. Journal of International Students, 5(4), 434-446.

Zha, S. (2006). The effects of a technology-supported training system on second language use strategies for international teaching assistants Available from Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA). (85696620; 200910566). https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/docview/85696620?accountid=9783

Zhou, J. (2009). What is missing in the international teaching assistants training curriculum? Journal of Faculty Development, 23(2), 19-24.

Zhou, J. (2014). Managing anxiety: A case study of an international teaching assistant's interaction with american students. Journal of International Students, 4(2), 177-190.

Downloads

Published

2022-07-11

Issue

Section

Empirical Article

How to Cite

Pre-Service International Teaching Assistant’s (ITA’s) investments in their ITA Training Course: A Multiple Case Study. (2022). Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 14(3a). https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i3a.4071