Youth, Training and Labor Insertion in Sudan: Lessons from the INSO Project Introduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v15i1.4028Keywords:
employability, higher education, human capital, labor insertion, sustainable developmentAbstract
The article deals with the relation between higher education and employment in Sudan. It evaluates the efficiency of a training project realized in collaboration between international and local private and government partners that aimed to provide university graduates with employment opportunities. The INSO Project (Innovation in society: training paths and human capital enhancement in Sudan) took place from 2017 to 2019. The research methodology consists of a questionnaire survey among the project participants to collect data on their employment achievements two years after their graduation and a series of interviews about their professional integration. The collected data are analyzed in the context of the Sudanese socio-economic and higher educational context and development. The study reveals a significant rate of employment for the graduates of this training project, its limits and the good use of specific training related to job search techniques.
References
Aalen, L. (2020). After the uprising: Including Sudanese youth. Michelsen Institute Publications. https://www.cmi.no/publications/7420-after-the-uprising-including-sudanese-youth.
African Development Bank Group. (2020). African economic outlook 2020: Developing Africa’s workforce for the future. Abidjan: ADBG.
Assad, R., Hendy, A., Lassassi & M., Shaimaa, Y., (2018). Explaining the MENA paradox : rising educational attainment, yet stagnant female labor force participation. IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper Series, March.
Baah-Boateng, W. (2016). The youth unemployment challenge in Africa: What are the drivers? Economic and Labour Relations Review, 27(4), 413-431.
Bennarosh, Y. (2019). Le travail mondialisé au Maghreb. Rabat, Marseille, Casablanca: CJB/IRD/La Croisée des Chemins.
British Council Sudan (2020). The State of Social Enterprise in Sudan. Khartoum: British Council.
Casciarri, B., Assal, M., & Ireton, F. (ed.) (2015). Multidimensional Change in Sudan (1989-2011). Reshaping Livelihoods, Conflicts and Identities. London: Berghahn Books.
Central Bank of Sudan (2021). Daily Rates for Foreign Currency. https://cbos.gov.sd/en/exchange-rates.
Centro per l’Apprendimento Permanente (2019). Progetto INSO. Innovazione nella società: percorsi formativi e valorizzazione del capitale umano in Sudan. Report conclusivo del percorso di valutazione. Bari: Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”.
Darbo, S. & Eltahir, Y. (2016). Sudan 2016. In: African Development Bank, OECD and United Nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2016. Special theme: Sustainable cities and Structural Transformation. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Darbo, S. & Eltahir, Y. (2017). Sudan 2017. In: African Development Bank, OECD and United Nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2017. Special theme: entrepreneurship and Industrialization. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Denis, E. (2006). Khartoum: ville refuge et métropole rentière, mégapolisation des crises contre métropolité. Cahiers du Gremamo, 18, 87-127.
Greco, S. (2012). Migrazioni e globalizzazione: il caso del Sudan. I diritti dell'uomo, 2, 20-23.
Imad Al-Din, M. (2014). Quality assurance and strategies of Higher Education[Title translated from the original in Arabic language]. Khartoum: University of Khartoum.
International Labour Organization. (2016). World employment and social outlook. Trends 2016. Geneva: ILO.
International Organization of Migrations (2021). The Regional Development and Protection Program for North Africa (RDPP NA). https://italy.iom.int/en/activities/rdpp-north-africa#:~:text=The%20Regional%20Development%20and%20Protection,dignified%20living%20conditions%20and%20opportunities.
International Organization of Migrations (2021b). Libya’s Migrant Report. January-February 2021 (DTM, Round 35).
Isbell, T. & Elawad, E. (2019). For Sudanese, deep economic discontent underpins mass movement for change. Afrobarometer (Dispatch n. 293, April 26, 2019). https://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/D%C3%A9p%C3%AAches/ab_r7_dispacthno293_economy_and_poverty_in_sudan.pdf
Ismail, M. (2017, November 22). Higher Education in Sudan [Paper Presentation]. Innovation for the Enhancement of Human Capital in Sudan: The Early Results Of Inso Project And Future Perspectives. Istituto do Ricerca su Innovazione e Servizi per lo Sviluppo-Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Naples.
Hassan, M. & Kodouda, A. (2019). Sudan's Uprising: The Fall of a Dictator. Journal of Democracy, 30 (4), 89-103.
Makanga, R. & Msafiri, D. (2020). Africans increasingly dissatisfied with government efforts on their top priority: jobs. Afrobarometer (Dispatch No. 402, November 5, 2020). https://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Dispatches/ad402-africans_dissatisfied_with_govt_performance_on_unemployment-afrobarometer_dispatch-4nov20.pdf.
Meyer, J.-B. (2019). Jeunesse, université, emploi: le triangle des inquiétudes; cas de l’Algérie et comparaisons maghrébines. In Bennarosh, Y. (Dir.), Le travail mondialisé au Maghreb (pp. 499-515). Casablanca: CJB/IRD/La Croisée des Chemins.
Meyer J.-B., Pilon, M. & Ravalihasy, A. (2020). Les effectifs étudiants en Afrique au XXIème siècle : évolution passée et exercice de prospective (Working paper n°48). Paris: Ceped.
Hussein, N. (2021, February 2). Officially: the result of admission to Sudanese universities 2020-2021- Press conference of the Ministry of Higher Education this weekend (original in Arabic). Iqra Al-youm. https://www.iqraa.news/edu/%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-2020-2021/
MOHE (2016). Higher Education: Reality and Challenges (Original in Arabic). Report prepared by the National Council of Higher Education. Presented in Khartoum on October 23, 2016.
MOHE (2019). 2017-2018 Statistics (Original in Arabic). http://www.mohe.gov.sd/index.php/ar/statistics/details/150.
Nuba Reports (2016, February 12). Sudan could spend up to 70% of its budget on several war fronts this year. Quartz Africa. https://qz.com/africa/615938/sudan-could-spend-up-to-70-of-its-budget-on-several-war-fronts-this-year/
Pedrò, F. and Watanabe L. (coord.) (2017). Revision of the educational policies in Sudan. Khartoum: Ministry of Education.
Samia, S. (2011). Technological Change and Skill Development. The case of Sudan. Maastricht: United Nations University.
Strachan, A.L. (2016). Rapid fragility and migration assessment for Sudan. (Rapid Literature Review). Birmingham: GSDRC, University of Birmingham.
United Nations (2016). Common Country Analysis for Sudan. Desk Review. http://sd.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/sudan/docs/Sudan%20CCA%20April%202016%20-%20DRAFT.pdf
United Nations Development Program (2019). Human Development Report 2019. Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York: UNDP.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2021). Sudan. https://reporting.unhcr.org/sudan
Yeboah, F. K., & Jayne, T. S. (2016, September 19-20). Africa’s evolving employment structure: Causes and consequences. Paper presented at the FAO Technical Workshop on Rural Transformation, Agricultural and Food System Transition. Rome, Italy.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education (JCIHE) are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to CIES, HESIG, or the sponsoring universities of the Editorial Staff. These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. Readers are free to copy, display, and distribute articles that appear in JCIHE as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and JCIHE, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or JCIHE. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JCIHE upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide serial publication rights and the right for JCIHE to grant permissions as its editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and metadata associated with the article in professional indexing and reference services.