From the Personal to the Professional

International Student Experiences of Seeking Employment in the United States

Authors

  • Hayley Weiner State University of New York at Oswego
  • Peter G. Ghazarian State University of New York at Oswego

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/8cp00y58

Keywords:

employment, international students, rationales for study abroad, student development, student services, student visas

Abstract

International students in U.S. higher education who pursue work must balance personal and professional pressures while seeking employment. While much attention has been given to their experiences of acculturation, stress, and psychological well being, further work is needed to document experiences of seeking employment. This phenomenological study utilized semi-structured interviews to explore international students’ experiences of personal growth and change, economic pressures, and seeking employment in the US. The results indicate that international students share many of the same experiences of personal change of their domestic counterparts while simultaneously navigating a new cultural context, deal with differing levels and a variety of sources of economic pressure, and navigate barriers to their employment search rooted in the lack of clear information, misaligned support resources, personal shortcomings, employer perceptions, and visa restrictions. 

Author Biography

  • Peter G. Ghazarian, State University of New York at Oswego

    Dr. Peter G. Ghazarian has been involved in international education in the USA, Germany, UK, and Korea. His research interests include social change in multicultural and knowledge economies, the international flow of human resources, processes of regional integration, and the politics of education. 

References

Acker S. (2000). In/out/side: Positioning the researcher in feminist qualitative research. Resources for Feminist Research, 28 (1/2), 189.

Barker, T. (2020). Moving towards the centre: Transformative learning, global learning, and indigenization. Journal of Transformative Learning, 7(1), 8-22.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.

Bhaskar, R. (2010). Reclaiming reality: A critical introduction to contemporary philosophy. Routledge.

Bound, J., Braga, B., Khanna, G., & Turner, S. (2021). The globalization of postsecondary education. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(1), 163-184. http://www.doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.163

Bound, J., Demirci, M., Khanna, G., & Turner, S. (2014). Finishing degrees and finding jobs: U.S. higher education and the flow of foreign IT workers. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 15, 27-71.

Brunner, L. R. (2021). ‘Edugration’ as a wicked problem: Higher education and three-step immigration. Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education, 13(5S), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v13i5S.4061

Chickering, A.W. (1969). Education and identity. Jossey-Bass.

Çiftçi, E. Y., & Daloğlu, A. (2021). Short-term study abroad. Intercultural Education, 32(2), 175-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2020.1853064

Coffey, J., Farivar, F., & Cameron, R. (2018). The job seeking experiences of international graduates in the host country. Australia’s lost opportunity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(4), 846-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1504106

Coustere, C., Brunner, L. R., Shokirova, T., Karki, K. K., & Valizadeh, N. (2023). International students as labour: Experiencing the global imaginary. Higher Education, in press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-023-01118-5

DeLoach, S. B., Kurt, M. R., & Olitsky, N. H. (2021). Duration matters: Separating the impact of depth and duration in study abroad programs. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(1), 100-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315319887389

Dwyer, S. C., & Buckler, J. L. (2009). The space between: On being an insider-outsider in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800105

Holmes, P., Bavieri, L., & Ganassin, S. (2015). Developing intercultural understanding for study abroad. Intercultural Education, 26(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2015.993250

Fakunle, O. (2020). Developing a framework for international students’ rationales for studying abroad, beyond economic factors. Policy Futures in Education, 19(6) 671-690. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210320965066

Fakunle, O. (2021). International students’ perspective on developing employability during study abroad. Higher Education Quarterly, 75(4), 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12308

Kahn, H. E., & Agnew, M. (2017). Global learning through difference: Consideration for teaching , learning, and internationalization of higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315622022

McFadden, A., & Seedorff, L. (2017). International Student Employment: Navigating Immigration Regulations, Career Services, and Employer Considerations. In H. P. Jameson & J. R. Loper (Eds.), Student Affairs Professionals Cultivating Campus Climates Inclusive of International Students: New Directions for Student Services, Number 158. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.20218

Monahan, J. L. (2018). Starting a career in the US: International Student Perceptions of the Optional Practical Training Experience. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I, Publication No. 10977020.

Niu, Y., Xu, X., Zhu, Y., & Hunter-Johnson, Y. (2022). Exploring self-perceived employability and its determinants among international students in the US. Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education, 14(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i1.3027

Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices. (2014, May 6). Department of Justice. Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/2014/05/06/180.pdf

Park, C., & Shimada, S. (2022). The impact of changing nonimmigrant visa policies on international students’ psychological well-being in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 22, 2227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14698-1

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.

Rosenzweig, M. (2006). Global wage differences and international student flows. Brookings Trade Forum, 57-86. https://doi.org/10.1353/btf.2007.0011

Ruiz, N. G., & Budiman, A. (2018). Number of foreign college students staying and working in US after graduation surges. Pew Research Center.

Sangganjanavanich, V. F., Lenz, A. S., & Cavazos Jr., J. (2011). International Students' employment search in the US: A phenomenological study. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(1), 17-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2011.tb00107.x

Schlesinger, J., & Daley, L. P. (2016). Applying the chaos theory of careers as a framework for college career centers. Journal of Employment Counseling, 53(2), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12030

Spencer-Rodgers, J. (2000). The vocational situation and country of orientation of international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 28, 32-49. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2000.tb00226.x

Tay, Y. X. (2022). Discrimination in the employment search: Narratives from international students of color [unpublished master's thesis]. University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

Tidwell, R., & Hanassab, S. (2007). New challenges for professional counselors: The higher education international student population. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 20(4), 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070701573927

Yang, C. Y., Xie, D., & Wong, J. W. C. (2021). Challenges and benefits of experiential learning: The case of overseas exchange programs. Advanced Education, 8(19), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.239232

Zunz, S. J., & Oil, K. R. (2009). A preliminary look at international students in MSW field of placements at nonurban US campuses. Journal of Social Work Education, 45(1), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2009.200700012

Published

2024-12-01

Issue

Section

Empirical Article

How to Cite

From the Personal to the Professional: International Student Experiences of Seeking Employment in the United States. (2024). Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.32674/8cp00y58