Chinese Students’ Transcultural Strategies: Intentions to Navigate Identity Conflicts and Expand Their Identities Through Hong Kong Study Experiences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v15i2.4535Keywords:
acculturation strategy, Chinese international students, identity conflict, identity expansion, integration, intentionAbstract
This study investigates Chinese international students’ acculturation strategies and pragmatic intentions to address identity conflicts in Hong Kong study experiences through a developmental lens. We treat conflicts and stressors as indicators of active commitments and the process of engagement as strategic, goal-oriented, intentional investments to become better selves. Undergraduates (N = 95) enrolled in a Hong Kong university participated: 85 completed a Cultural Practices Questionnaire about daily activities; 10 completed semi-structured interviews on their acculturation strategies, identity conflicts, and justifications. Mixed method data analysis highlighted strategies rooted in goals, choices, consistency, and commitment. Several pragmatic intentions were also identified. Participants considered academic study,language learning, club activities, communicating with friends, volunteering, and interacting with diverse people as fundamental active commitments. An alternative definition of “integration strategy” is proposed to better capture students’ transcultural choices and decolonize the view that students are expected to conform to the host culture.
References
Anthony, L. (2019) AntConc Version 3.5.8 [Computer Software], Macintosh Os X. https://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antconc/.
Bach, K. (1987). On communicative intentions: A reply to Recanati. Mind and Language, 2: 141–154.
Badre, D. (2020). On task: How our brain gets things done. Princeton University Press.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5–68.
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. Journal of International Relations, 29, 697-712.
Bandyopadhyay, S., & Bandyopadhyay, K. (2015). Factors influencing student participation in college study abroad programs Journal of International Education Research, 11(2), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.19030/jier.v11i2.9189
Bodycott, P. (2015). Intragroup conflict during study abroad. Journal of International Students, 5(3), pp. 244-259.
Byram, M. (2008). The ‘value’ of student mobility. In M. Byram & F. Dervin (Eds.), Students’ staff and academic mobility in higher education (pp. 31-45). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Clark, H. H. (2003) Pointing and Placing In S. Kita (ed.), Pointing. Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp. 243–268). Erlbaum.
Dai, K., & Garcia, J. (2019). Intercultural learning in transnational articulation programs: The hidden agenda of Chinese students’ experiences. Journal of International Students, 9(2), 362-383. doi: 10.32674/jis.v9i2.677
He, Y., & Hutson, B. (2018). Exploring and leveraging Chinese international students’ strength for success. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 87-108. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i1.153
Jackson, J. (2011). Cultivating cosmopolitan, intercultural citizenship through critical reflection and international, experiential learning. Language and Intercultural Communication, 11 (2), pp. 80-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2011.556737
Jackson, J. (2013). Adjusting to differing cultures of learning: The experience of semester-long exchange students from Hong Kong, In L. Jin and M. Cortazzi (eds.) Research Intercultural Learning. Palgrave Macmillan.
Jackson, J. (2018). Intervening in the intercultural learning of L2 study abroad students: From research to practice. Language Teaching, 51(3). 365-382. 10.1017/S0261444816000392
Jans, M., Heeringa, S. G., & Charest, A. (2008). Imputation for missing phycological and health measurement data: Tests and applications. JSM/SRMS, p. 1-8, Joint Statistical Meetings of the American Statistical Association Conference, Denver, CO.
Kecskés, I., & Mey, J. (2008). Intention, common ground and the egocentric speaker-hearer (eds). Mouton de Gruyter.
Kecskés, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Khawaja, N. G., & Dempsey, J. (2007). Psychological distress in international university students: An Australian study. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 17, 13–27.
Khawaja, N. G., & Dempsey, J. (2008). A comparison of international and domestic tertiary students in Australia. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 18, 30–46.
Kim, Y. K. (2008). Intercultural personhood: Globalization and a way of being. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 359-368.
Korta, Kepa & Perry, John, “Pragmatics” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/pragmatics/>
Leong, P. (2015). Coming to America: Assessing the patterns of acculturation, friendship formation, and the academic experiences of international students at a U.S. college. Journal of International Students, 5(4), 459-474. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.408
Lasan, I., & Rehner, K. (2018). Expressing and perceiving identity and intentions in a second language: a preliminary exploratory study of the effect of (extra)curricular contact on sociolinguistic development. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(6), 632-646 https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1197880
Mougeon, F., & Rehner, K. (2015). Engagement Portraits and (Socio) Linguistic Performance: A Transversal and Longitudinal Study of Advanced L2 Learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 37 (3):425–456.
McKey, S. L. (2010). Researching Second Language Classrooms. Routledge.
Norton, B., & McKinney, C. (2010). An identity approach to second language acquisition. Approaches to SLA,73-94.
Norton, B. (2000). Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity and educational change. Pearson Education.
Norton, B. (1995). Social identity, investment, and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29 (1), 9-31.
Perry, F. L., Jr. (2017). Research in applied Linguistics: Becoming discerning consumer (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Rogers, R. (2006). From cultural exchange to transculturation: A review and reconceptualization of cultural appropriation. Communication Theory, 16(4), p. 474-503. https://doi-org.ezproxy.waterfield.murraystate.edu/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00277.x
Smith, R. A., & Khawaja, N. G. (2011). A review of the acculturation experience of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 699-713.
Swarts, T., Hannes, K., & Rodrigues-Quiles, J, A. (2021). Sociocultural and Psychological Acculturation Strategies of South African Students in a Flemish University in Belgium: A Photovoice Study. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 13(5), pp. 177-201. DOI: 10.32674/jcihe.v13i5.2763
Textor, C. (Nov, 2021). Number of college and university students from China in the United States from academic year 2010/11 to 2020/21. https://www.statista.com/statistics/372900/number-of-chinese-students-that-study-in-the-us/
van Compernolle, R.A.,& Williams, L. (2012). “Reconceptualizing Sociolinguistic Competence as Mediated Action: Identity, Meaning-Making, Agency.” The Modern Language Journal 96 (2):234–250. https://doi-org.ezproxy.waterfield.murraystate.edu/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01334.x
Vauclair, M., Klecha, J., Milagre C., & Duque, B. (2014). Transcultural identity: The future self in a globalized world. VI (1), Revista Transcultural, pp. 1-18. Sept, 21, 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274718644_Transcultural_identity_The_future_self_in_a_globalized_world
Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Mallen, M. J., Ku, T., Liao, K. Y., & Wu, T. (2007). Acculturative stress, perfectionism, years in the United States, and depression among Chinese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(4), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.385
Wei, M., Liao, K. Y., Heppner, P. P., Chao, R. C., & Ku, T. (2012). Forbearance coping, identification with heritage culture, acculturative stress, and psychological distress among Chinese international students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025473
Wei, L. (2011). Moment Analysis and Translanguaging Space: Discursive Construction of Identities by Multilingual Chinese Youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics 43: 1222–1235.
Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R. (2011). Why can’t we be friends? Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35 ( 41–48).
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education (JCIHE) are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to CIES, HESIG, or the sponsoring universities of the Editorial Staff. These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. Readers are free to copy, display, and distribute articles that appear in JCIHE as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and JCIHE, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or JCIHE. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JCIHE upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide serial publication rights and the right for JCIHE to grant permissions as its editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and metadata associated with the article in professional indexing and reference services.