Leading the many, considering the few
University presidents’ perspectives on international students during COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i3b.3822Keywords:
Covid-19, international students, university leadership, crisis leadershipAbstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world we live in in the most invasive ways. Higher education institutions around the globe are faced with new emerging questions about successful leadership, particularly when it comes to the international campus population in times of crisis. Supported by Grounded Theory, this comparative case study illuminates how university presidents from five different countries are informed in their perceptions of the international students on their campuses during the COVID-19 crisis. The results of the study will produce policy implications informing how higher education leaders can navigate global crises while simultaneously best serving their international student populations.
References
Altbach, P. G., & De Wit, H. (2017). Trump and the coming revolution in higher education internationalization. International Higher Education, 89, 3-5.
Altbach, P., & De Wit, H. (2018). Are we facing a fundamental challenge to higher education internationalization?. International Higher Education, (93), 2-4.
American Council on Education [ACE] (2017). American College President Study. https://www.aceacps.org/
Andrade, M. S. (2017). Institutional policies and practices for admitting, assessing, and tracking international students. Journal of International Students, 7(1), I-VI.
Baklashova, T. A., & Kazakov, A. V. (2016). Challenges of international students' adjustment to a higher education institution. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(8), 1821-1832.
Blanco Ramírez, G. (2016). Case studies. In C. Marshall, & G. B. Rossman (Eds.), Designing Qualitative Research (6th ed). (pp. 19-20). Sage.
Bolten, J. (2005). Interkulturelle Personalentwicklungsmassnahmen: Training, Coaching und Mediation. In G. K. Stahl, W. Mayrhofer, & T. M. Kühlmann (Eds.), Internationales Personalmanagement: neue Aufgaben, neue Lesungen (pp. 307-324). Rainer Hampp Verlag.
Brennan, J. A., & Stern, E. K. (2017). Leading a campus through crisis: The role of college and university presidents. Journal of Education Advancement & Marketing, 2(2), 120-134.
Brown, D. G. (Ed.). (2006). University presidents as moral leaders. Praeger Publishers.
Chen, J. H., Li, Y., Wu, A. M. S., & Tong, K. K. (2020). The overlooked minority: Mental health of international students worldwide under the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102333. https://doi-org.lib-e2.lib.ttu.edu/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102333
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods approaches (5th ed). Sage.
Demuyakor, J. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) and online learning in higher institutions of education: A survey of the perceptions of Ghanaian international students in China. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 10(3), e202018.
Dennis, M. J. (2020). COVID‐19 will accelerate the decline in international student enrollment. Recruiting & Retaining Adult Learners, 22(12), 1–7. https://doi-org.lib-e2.lib.ttu.edu/10.1002/nsr.30639
Fortunato, J. A., Gigliotti, R. A., & Ruben, B. D. (2018). Analysing the dynamics of crisis leadership in higher education: A study of racial incidents at the University of Missouri. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(4), 510-518.
García, H. A., & de Lourdes Villarreal, M. (2014). The “redirecting” of international students: American higher education policy hindrances and implications. Journal of International Students, 4(2), 126-136.
Gigliotti, R. A. (2019). Crisis leadership in higher education: Theory and practice. Rutgers University Press.
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business School Press.
Haskins, C. H., & Lewis, L. (1957). The Rise of Universities. Cornell Press.
Heck, R. H., & Mu, X. I. (2016). Economics of globalization in higher education: Current issues in recruiting and serving international students. In R. Papa & F.W. English (Eds.) Educational leaders without borders (pp. 143-165). Springer.
Hotchkins, B. K., McNaughtan, J., & García, H. A. (2021). Black Community Collegians Sense of Belonging as Connected to Enrollment Satisfaction. The Journal of Negro Education, 90(1), 55-70.
Hope, J. (2020). Be aware of how COVID‐19 could impact international students. Successful
Registrar, 20(3), 1–8. https://doi-org.lib-e2.lib.ttu.edu/10.1002/tsr.30708
Irving, J. A. (2010). Educating global leaders: Exploring intercultural competence in leadership education. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, 3, 1-14.
Jang, I. C., & Choi, L. J. (2020). Staying connected during COVID-19: The social and communicative role of an ethnic online community of Chinese international students in South Korea. Multilingua, 39(5), 541-552.
King, J. A., Cabarkapa, S., Leow, F. H., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Addressing international student mental health during COVID-19: An imperative overdue. Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 28(4), 469. https://doi-org.lib-e2.lib.ttu.edu/10.1177/1039856220926934
Knight, J. (2007). Internationalization: Concepts, complexities and challenges. In J. J. F. Forest & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), International handbook of higher education (pp. 207-227). Springer.
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2002). The leadership challenge (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Kuknor, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2021). Organizational Inclusion and Leadership in Times of Global Crisis. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 15(1), 93-112.
Lee, J. J., & Rice, C. (2007). Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. Higher education, 53(3), 381-409.
Lieberson, S. (2000). Small N’s and big conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases. In R. Gomm, M. Hammersley, & P. Foster (Eds.), Case study method (pp. 208-222). Sage.
Marginson, S. (2017). Brexit: Challenges for universities in hard times. International Higher
Education, (88), 8-10.
McCall, M. W., Jr., & Hollenbeck, G. P. (2002). Developing global executives. Harvard Business School.
McClure, K. & McNaughtan, J. (2021). Proximity to power: The challenges and strategies of interviewing elites in higher education research [Manuscript in preparation]. Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University.
McNaughtan, J., & McNaughtan, E. D. (2019). Engaging election contention: Understanding why presidents engage with contentious issues. Higher Education Quarterly, 73(2), 198-217.
McNaughtan, J., Louis, S., García, H. A., & McNaughtan, E. D. (2019). An institutional North Star: The role of values in presidential communication and decision-making. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(2), 153-171.
Moro Bueno, C., & Tubbs, S. L. (2004). Testing a global leadership competencies (GLC) model. The Business Review, 1(2), 11–15.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Integrating theory and practice. In Integrating Theory and Practice (4th ed.). Sage. https://doi.org/10.2307/330063
Pottie-Sherman, Y. (2018). Retaining international students in northeast Ohio: Opportunities and challenges in the ‘age of Trump’. Geoforum, 96, 32-40.
Research and Development (RAND) Annual Report 2003. (2004). The Wisdom of the Long View. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP1-2003.html.
Research and Development (RAND) Cooperation (2021). About. https://www.rand.org/
Rumbley, L., Altbach, P., & Reisberg, L. (2012). Internationalization within the higher education context. In D. K.
Deardorff, H. De Wit, J. Heyl, & T. Adams (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of International Higher Education (pp. 3-26). Sage.
Seiler, S. (2007). Determining factors of intercultural leadership: A theoretical framework. Cultural challenges in military operations, 217-232.
Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. (2010). International students: A vulnerable student population. Higher Education, 60(1), 33-46.
Sin, C., Antonowicz, D., & Wiers-Jenssen, J. (2021). Attracting international students to semi-peripheral countries: A comparative study of Norway, Poland and Portugal. Higher Education Policy, 34(1), 297-320.
Smith, B. L., & Hughey, A. W. (2006). Leadership in higher education—its evolution and potential: A unique role facing critical challenges. Industry and Higher Education, 20(3), 157-163.
Spitzberg, B.H., & Changnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.). The Sage Handbook of Intercultural Competence, pp. 2-52. Sage.
Sullivan, J. (2011). Global leadership in higher education administration: Perspectives on internationalization by university presidents, vice-presidents and deans [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida]. University of South Florida Scholar Commons. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3370/
Tas, M. (2013). International students: Challenges of adjustment to university life in the US. International Journal of Education, 5(3), 1.
Teichler, U. (2017). Internationalisation trends in higher education and the changing role of international student mobility. Journal of international Mobility, (1), 177-216.
Thelin, J. R. (2019). A history of American higher education. JHU Press. Timmons, V. (2020). “I didn’t expect YOU to be the university president!”: A critical reflection on three decades of women’s leadership in Canadian academia. In Critical Reflections and Politics on Advancing Women in the Academy (pp. 166–177). IGI Global.
Tozini, K. & Castiello-Gutiérrez, S. (in press) University support, social support, and financial well-being: International students in the U.S. coping with COVID-19. Journal of College Student Development.
Urias, D., & Camp Yeakey, C. (2009). Analysis of the US student visa system: Misperceptions, barriers, and consequences. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(1), 72-109.
Verbik, L., & Lasanowski, V. (2007). International student mobility: Patterns and trends. World Education News and Reviews, 20(10), 1-16.
Willetts, D. (2017). A university education. Oxford University Press.
Woodfield, S. (2009). Trends in international student mobility: A comparison of national and institutional policy responses in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and The Netherlands.
Woods, T. E.; Schertzer, R.; Greenfield, L.; Hughes, C. R.; & Miller-Idriss, C. (2020). COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: a scholarly exchange. Nations and Nationalism. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12644
Wu, H., Garza, E., & Guzman, N. (2015). International student’s challenge and adjustment to college. Education Research International, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/202753
Yeaton, K., García, H. A., Soria, J. & Huerta, M. (2017). Cultivating global citizens for the
global good (pp. 1-20). In H. C. Alpin Jr., R. Y. Chan, & J. Lavine (Eds.). Exploring the Future of Accessibility in Higher Education. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global Publication.
Yin, R. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.
Zhai, Y., & Du, X. (2020). Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e22.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education (JCIHE) are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to CIES, HESIG, or the sponsoring universities of the Editorial Staff. These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. Readers are free to copy, display, and distribute articles that appear in JCIHE as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and JCIHE, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or JCIHE. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JCIHE upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide serial publication rights and the right for JCIHE to grant permissions as its editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and metadata associated with the article in professional indexing and reference services.
