Acculturation and Social Media: How Do International Students Engage with Facebook While Abroad?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i5.3640

Keywords:

Facebook, international students, acculturation, Communication Accommodation Theory, Berry’s acculturation model

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between Facebook use and acculturation using Berry’s acculturation model and Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) as theoretical frameworks. Seventeen first or second semester international students participated in an online survey. The data were gathered through online pre-/and post-surveys as well as observations of the international students’ Facebook wall postings. Fifteen students shared their Facebook wall postings. The major findings of this study include: a) the pattern of Facebook postings was the same during the semester, b) international students used convergence communication strategies to better communicate with people in their network, and c) some participants’ Facebook postings indicate a strong identification with their native culture.

Author Biography

  • Michael Schwartz, St. Cloud State University

    Michael W Schwartz (PhD. University of New Mexico, email: mwschwartz@stcloudstate.edu) is an associate professor in the Department of English and the director of the Intensive English Center (IEC) and English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs at St. Cloud State University. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-4210

References

Barker, V., & Ota, H. (2011). Mixi diary versus Facebook photos: Social networking site use

among Japanese and Caucasian American females. Journal of Intercultural

Communication Research, 40(1), 39–63. https://doi.10.1080/17475759.2011.558321

Bekteshi, V., & van Hook, M. (2015). Contextual approach to acculturative stress among

Latina immigrants in the US. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(5), 1401-1411.

Berry, J. (1971). Ecological and cultural factors in spatial perceptual development.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 3(4), 324-336. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0082275

Berry, J. W. (1990). Psychology of acculturation: Understanding individuals moving between

cultures. In R. Brislin (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 232–253). Newbury, CA: Sage.

Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum.

Chen, L., & Hanasono, L. K. (2016). The effect of acculturation on Chinese international

students’ usage of Facebook and Renren. China Media Research, 12(1), 46-59. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A443551432/AONE?u=csus_main&sid=AONE&xid=202b5189

De La Garza, A. T., & Ono, K. A. (2015). Retheorizing adaptation: Differential adaptation and critical intercultural communication. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 8(4), 269-289. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2015.1087097

Flick, W. (1992). Triangulation revisited: Strategy of validation or alternative. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 22(2), 175-197.

Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1982). Social difficulty in a foreign culture: An empirical study of

culture shock. In S. Bochner (Ed.), Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(pp. 161-198). Pergamon.

Gallois, C.,Ogay, T. T., & Giles, H.(2005). Communication accommodation theory: A look

back and a look ahead. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural

communication (pp. 121-148). Sage.

Hsieh, H.F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis.

Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

Kim, Y. Y. (1979). Toward an interactive theory of communication-acculturation. In B. Ruben

(Ed.), Communication yearbook 3 (pp. 435-453). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Books.

Kim, Y. Y. (2005). Adapting to a new culture: An integrative communication theory. In W. B.

Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 375-400).

Newbury, CA: Sage.

Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Li, C., & Tsai, W. S. (2015). Social media usage and acculturation: A test with Hispanics in the

U.S. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 204-212. https://doi.10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.018

Lin, J. H., Peng, W., Kim, M., Kim, S. Y., & LaRose, R. (2011). Social networking and

adjustments among international students. New Media & Society, 14(3), 421–440. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444811418627.

McFaul, S. (2016). International students’ social network: Network mapping to gage

friendship formation and student engagement on campus. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.393

Omori, K., & Allen, M. (2014). Cultural differences between American and Japanese self-

presentation on SNSs. The International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies, 4(1), 47-60. https:// doi.10.4018/ijicst.2014010104

Park, N., Song, H., & Lee, K. M. (2014). Social networking sites and other media use,

acculturation stress, and psychological well-being among East Asian college students in the United States. Computers in Human Behavior, 36,138-146. https://doi.10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.037

Potter, W. J., & Levine-Donnerstein, D. (1999). Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27(3), 258-284.

Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008). MySpace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratification theory to exploring friend-networking sites. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 169–174. https://doi. 10.1089/cpb.2007.0056

Raman, P., & Harwood, J. (2016). Media usage and acculturation: Asian Indian professionals in

Silicon Valley. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 1-19.

Schumann, J. (1976). Social distance as a factor in second language acquisition. Language learning, 26, 135-143

Schug, J., Yuki, M., & Maddux, W.W. (2010). Relational mobility explains between-and within-culture differences in self-disclosure to close friends. Psychological Science,21, 1471–1478.

Song, H., Zmyslinski-Seelig, A., Kim, J., Drent, A. M., Victor, A., Omori, K., & Allen, M. R.

(2014). Does Facebook make you lonely?: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human

Behavior, 36, 446-452, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.011

Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup Anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3),

-175.

Yang, C., Wu, H., Zhu, M., Brian, G., & Southwell. (2004). Tuning in to fit in? Acculturation

and media use among Chinese students in the United States. Asian Journal of

Communication, 14(1), 81-94.

Ward, C. (2008). Thinking outside the Berry boxes: New perspectives on identity, acculturation and intercultural

relations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(2), 105-114. https:// doi.10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.11.002

Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1994). Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and

sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 18, 329-343.

Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.

Zhang, S. (2012, January 1). Babel or Great Wall: Social media use in an acculturation context

(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest LLC.

Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12(1), 63-

Downloads

Published

2022-12-09

Issue

Section

Empirical Article

How to Cite

Acculturation and Social Media: How Do International Students Engage with Facebook While Abroad? . (2022). Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 14(5), 197-212. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i5.3640