Technical Education for the Reintegration of Ex-Combatants: One Pathway, Different Trajectories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iWinter.1527Keywords:
Technical education, Ex-combatants, Reintegration, Motivations, Education in Post-conflictAbstract
Reintegration programs promote technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for ex-combatants, with the aim of preparing them to participate in the labor market and assume new social roles. This in-depth interview study with ex-combatants from Colombia participating in technical programs explores the motivations they have for enrolling in technical education, critical information to identify ways in which programs could better respond to participants’ aspirations. Findings illustrated that through education, ex-combatants seek to be respected and recognized, set an example for their children, experience a moral transformation, and develop autonomy. These findings suggest that TVET’s assumptions that ex-combatants are only motivated by material factors such as money and employment are too reductionist.
References
Billett, Stephen. 2006. “Work, Subjectivity and Learning.” In Work, Subjectivity and Learning, Understanding Learning Through Working Life, edited by Stephen Billett, Tara Fenwick and Margaret Somerville, 1-17. The Netherlands: Springer.
Blattman, Christopher, and Laura Ralston, L. 2015. “Generating Employment in Poor and Fragile States: Evidence from Labor Market and Entrepreneurship Programs”. World Bank's Development, Impact Evaluation (DIME), Social Protection and Labor (SPL), and Fragility, Conflict & Violence (FCV), July 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2622220
Blattman, Christopher, and Jeannie Annan. 2016. “Can Employment Reduce Lawlessness and Rebellion? A Field Experiment with High-risk Men in a Fragile State.” American Political Science Review, 110(1): 1-17.
Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica (CNMH). 2013. ¡Basta Ya! Colombia: Memoria de Guerra y Dignidad. [Enough! Colombia: Memory of War and Dignity]. Bogotá: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.
Comisión Nacional de Reparación y Reconociliación (CNRR). 2007. Disidentes, Rearmados y Emergentes: ¿Bandas Criminales o Tercera Generación Paramilitar? [Dissidents, Rearmed and Emerging: Criminal Gangs or Third Generation Paramilitaries?]. Bogotá: Comisión Nacional de Reparación y Reconociliación.
Corbin, Juliet, and Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
Hall, Stuart. 2003. Representation. Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE Publications
Humphreys, Macartan, and Jeremy Weinstein. 2004. “What the Fighters Say: A Survey of Ex-Combatants in Sierra Leone. Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development, July. http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/Report1_BW.pdf
UNESCO and International Labour Organization. 2002. Technical and Vocational Education and Training for the Twenty-First Century. Paris: UNESCO.
Lopes Cardozo, Mieke. T. A., and Giovanni Scotto. 2017. "Youth, Peacebuilding and the Role of Education." INEE/YPS, December. http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/INEE_ThematicPaper_UNSCR_ExecutiveSummary_2019_ENG.pdf
McMullin, Jeremy. 2013. Ex-Combatants and the Post-Conflict State: Challenges of Reintegration. New York: Macmillan.
Mercy Corps. 2015. “Youth and Consequences: Unemployment, Injustice and Violence.” Accessed July 3, 2019. https://www.mercycorps.org/research-resources/youth-consequences-unemployment-injustice-and-violence
Miles, Matthew., Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña, J. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Novelli, Mario, and Mieke Lopes Cardozo. 2008. “Conflict, Education and the Global South: New Critical Directions.” International Journal of Educational Development, 28(4): 473-488.
Porto, J. Gomes, Imogen Parsons, and Chris Alden. 2007. From Soldiers to Citizens the Social, Economic and Political Reintegration of Unita Ex Combatants. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company.
Ralston, Laura. 2014. “Job Creation in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations.” World Bank, October 1. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2517717
Torjesen, Stina. 2013. “Towards a Theory of Ex-Combatant Reintegration Stability.” International Journal of Security & Development, 2-3(63): 1-13.
United Nations. 2006. Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards. Accessed March 27, 2018. http://unddr.org/uploads/documents/IDDRS%201.20%20Glossary.pdf
United Nations. 2014. Operational Guide to the Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Standards. Accessed January 13, 2017. http://www.unddr.org/uploads/documents/Operational%20Guide.pdf
UNESCO – UNEVOC. 2007. Education for Livelihoods and Civic Participation in
Post-Conflict Countries Conceptualizing a Holistic Approach to TVET Planning and Programming in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Discussion Paper. Bonn: UNESCO-UNEVOC.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education (JCIHE) are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to CIES, HESIG, or the sponsoring universities of the Editorial Staff. These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. Readers are free to copy, display, and distribute articles that appear in JCIHE as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and JCIHE, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or JCIHE. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JCIHE upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide serial publication rights and the right for JCIHE to grant permissions as its editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and metadata associated with the article in professional indexing and reference services.