Thriving in the face of adversity: Mapping experiences of international students in a South African higher education institution.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v12iSpring.1400Keywords:
International students, Agency, Photovoice, Experiences, South Africa, Higher Education.Abstract
Despite the diverse experiences, knowledge, skills, values, potentials, and abilities that international students studying in South African universities possess, their voices still remain unheard or silent. Therefore, this article presents a qualitative case study research approach of twelve international students in their postgraduate and undergraduate level of study critical dialogue concerning their experiences and wellbeing in South Africa. Meanwhile, this study was conducted with the purpose of exploring international students’ experiences in a South African institution of higher learning. As a result of the photovoice method and the focus group, discussion method was utilised for the data generation method. In addition, the purposive and convenience sampling method was used to select a specific group of students and the research context. However, this study was framed using the Bandura agentic capability theory in order to explore and understand the international student experiences in a South African higher educational institution. The findings of the study indicate that international students’ experiences of their host environment were diverse and mostly constraining. They identified several elements within the meso, micro, macro environment that inhibited their learning, growth, and development which needs to be addressed. The study highlights that addressing these inhibiting elements will help to improve the international student’s wellbeing within their learning environment. This article also concludes that by enhancing international student’s wellbeing and addressing the challenges they are experiencing will help in promoting and providing an enabling learning environment to assist them learn better, attain and achieve their academic goals as well as develop holistically in their host environment.
References
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Bista, K. 2015. Asian international students’ college experiences: Relationship between quality of personal contact and gains in learning. Journal of International and Global studies, 6(2), 38-54.
Black, G. F. Davies, A., Iskander, D. and Chambers, M. 2018. Reflections on the ethics of participatory visual methods to engage communities in global health research. Global Bioethics, 29(1), 22-38.
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Caldwell, E. F. & Hyams-Ssekasi, D. (2016). Leaving home: The challenges of Black- African international students prior to studying overseas. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 588-613.
Campbell, J. and Li, M. 2008. Asian voices: An empirical study of Asian students’ learning experiences at a New Zealand university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(4), 375-396.
Carlson, E. D. Engebretson, J. and Chamberlain, R. M. 2006. Photovoice as a social process of critical consciousness. Qualitative Health Research, 16(6), 836-582.
Cauce, A. M. and Gordon, E.W. 2011. Toward the measurement of human agency and the disposition to express it. The Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education. <www.gordoncommission.org/rsc/pdf/cauce_gordon_measurement_human_agency. pdf.> (Retrieved 2 December 2016)
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Dzansi, D. Y. and Mogashoa, L. 2013. International students in the classroom: A South African evidence of impact on lecturer and domestic student classroom practices and classroom effectiveness. Journal of Sociology Social Anthropology, 4(3), 227-237.
Ebersohn, L. and Ferreira, R. 2012. Rurality and resilience in education: Place-based partnerships and agency to moderate time and space constraints. Perspectives in Education, 30(1), 30-42.
Furnham, A. 2010. Culture shock: Literature review, personal statement and relevance for
the South Pacific. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(2), 87-94.
Graycar, A. 2010. Racism and the tertiary student experience in Australia. A paper presented at the academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Canberra 2010, Australia.
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Lee, J. J. 2010. International students’ experiences and attitudes at a US host institution: Self-reports and future recommendations. Journal of Research in International Education, 9(1), pp. 66-84.
Lillyman, S. and Bennett, C. 2014. Providing a positive learning experience for international students’ studying at UK universities: A literature review. Journal of Research in International Education, 13(1), 63-75.
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Madge, C. Raghuram, P. and Noxolo, P. 2009. Engaged pedagogy and responsibility: A postcolonial analysis of international students. Geoforum, 40(1), 34-45.
Majyambere, M. 2012. ‘Information needs and information seeking behaviour of international students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus’. Master of Information thesis, (Unpublished). Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
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Menzies, J. L. and Baron, R. 2014. International postgraduate student transition experiences: The importance of student societies and friends. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(1), 84-94.
Mitchell, C. 2011. Doing visual research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mokhothu, T.M. and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The management of the international student experience in the South African context: The role of sociocultural adaptation and cultural intelligence. Acta Commercii, 18(1), pp.1-11.
Montgomery, C. 2010. Understanding the international student experience. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Montgomery, C. and McDowell, L. 2009. Social networks and the international student experience of an international community of practice. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(4), 455-466.
Mudhovozi, P. 2011. Adjustment experiences of international students at a South African university. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(2), 293-296.
Nwokedi, P. G. 2015. ‘International students’ experiences of learning in a selected South African University’. M.Ed. Thesis (Unpublished). Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
O’Reilly, A., Hickey, T. and Ryan, D. 2013. Higher education professionals’ perspectives on international student experiences of life and learning in Ireland: A qualitative study. Irish Educational Studies, 32(3), 355-375.
Oluwafemi, A. 2012. International postgraduate students from Africa are struggling. University World News (218). <http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20120420173341253>
(Retrieved 8 September 2014)
Paola, R. J. and Lemmer, E.M. 2013. Not merely a matter of academics: Student experiences of a South African university as study-abroad destination. Africa Education Review, 10(1), 80-96.
Pence, H. M. and MacGillivray, I. K. 2008. The impact of an international field experience on preservice teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(1), 14-25.
Pilote, A. and Benabdeljalil, A. 2007. Supporting the success of international students’ in Canadian Universities. Journal of Higher Education Perspectives, 2(2), 24-46.
Rajpal, R. 2012. ‘Educational journeys of international postgraduate students studying at UKZN (University of KwaZulu-Natal): A narrative inquiry’. MEd. thesis (Unpublished). Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Rule, P. and John, V. 2011. Your guide to case study research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
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Trahar, S. and Hyland, F. 2011. Experiences and perceptions of internationalisation in higher education in the UK. Higher Education Research and Development, 30(5), 623-633.
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Volet, S. and Jones, C. 2012. Cultural transitions in higher education: Individual adaptation, transformation and engagement. In S. Karabencik, S. and Uedan, T. (Eds.), Transitions across schools and cultures (pp. 241-284). Bingley, UK: Emerald publishers.
Wang, C. C. and Redwood-Jones, Y. A. 2001. Photovoice ethics: Perspectives from Flint photovoice. Health Education and Behaviour, 28(5), 560-572.
Wang, K. T. Heppner, P. P. Fu, C. C. Zhao, R. Li, F. and Chuang, C. C. 2012. Profiles of acculturative adjustment patterns among Chinese international students. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 59(3), 424-436.
Wang, T. 2009. Using photovoice for assessment in teacher education and examining the impacts of globalization on China. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE), International Education Research Conference, Canberra, Australia.
Wang, Y.-W. Lin, J. C. G. Pang, L. S. and Shen, F. C. 2007. International students from Asia. In Leong, F. T. L. Ebreo, A. Kinoshita, L. Inman, A. G. Yang, L. H. and Fu, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Asian American psychology (pp. 245-261). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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< http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202753> (Retrieved 17 June 2015)
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Zar, D. 2009. ‘International students from Africa: The impact that living in South Africa has on one’s sense of identity’. Ph.D. thesis (Unpublished). Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.
Zhang-Wu, Q. 2018. Chinese international students’ experiences in American higher education institutes: A critical review of the literature. Journal of International Students, 8(2), 1173-1197.
Zhou, Y. Jindal‐Snape, D. Topping, K. and Todman, J. 2008. Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students’ in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63-75.
Arkoudis, S. and Tran, L. 2010. Writing blah blah blah: Lecturers approaches and challenges in supporting international students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 22(2), 169-178.
Bandura, A. 2006. Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180.
Bandura, A. 2009. Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness. Handbook of principles of organization behaviour, 2, 179-200.
Bandura, A. 2012. On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited. Journal of Management, 38(1), 9-44.
Barnes, B. 2011. ‘Teachers’ perceptions and understanding of diversity and inclusive education: A case study’. M.Ed. Thesis (Unpublished). Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch, University.
Bista, K. 2015. Asian international students’ college experiences: Relationship between quality of personal contact and gains in learning. Journal of International and Global studies, 6(2), 38-54.
Black, G. F. Davies, A., Iskander, D. and Chambers, M. 2018. Reflections on the ethics of participatory visual methods to engage communities in global health research. Global Bioethics, 29(1), 22-38.
Borg, C. and Cefai, C. 2014. Stress, health and coping among international students at the University of Malta: Second Monogram in Resilience & Health. Malta: Center for Resilience and Socio-Emotional Health, University of Malta. <http://www.um.edu.mt/cres/publications> (Retrieved 21 August 2014).
Brown, L. and Holloway, I. 2008. The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at an English university: An ethnographic study. Journal of Research in International Education, 7(2), 232-249.
Caldwell, E. F. & Hyams-Ssekasi, D. (2016). Leaving home: The challenges of Black- African international students prior to studying overseas. Journal of International Students, 6(2), 588-613.
Campbell, J. and Li, M. 2008. Asian voices: An empirical study of Asian students’ learning experiences at a New Zealand university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(4), 375-396.
Carlson, E. D. Engebretson, J. and Chamberlain, R. M. 2006. Photovoice as a social process of critical consciousness. Qualitative Health Research, 16(6), 836-582.
Cauce, A. M. and Gordon, E.W. 2011. Toward the measurement of human agency and the disposition to express it. The Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education. <www.gordoncommission.org/rsc/pdf/cauce_gordon_measurement_human_agency. pdf.> (Retrieved 2 December 2016)
Clarke, V. and Braun, V. 2014. Thematic analysis. In T. Teo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1947-1952). New York: Springer.
Cole, N. L. 2015. Agency: A sociological definition. <http://sociology.about.com/od/A_Index/fl/Agency.htm>
(Retrieved 10 December 2016)
Cross, M. Mhlanga, E. and Ojo, E. 2011. Emerging concept of internationalisation in South African higher education: Conversations on local and global exposure at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(1), 75-92.
Dzansi, D. Y. and Mogashoa, L. 2013. International students in the classroom: A South African evidence of impact on lecturer and domestic student classroom practices and classroom effectiveness. Journal of Sociology Social Anthropology, 4(3), 227-237.
Ebersohn, L. and Ferreira, R. 2012. Rurality and resilience in education: Place-based partnerships and agency to moderate time and space constraints. Perspectives in Education, 30(1), 30-42.
Furnham, A. 2010. Culture shock: Literature review, personal statement and relevance for
the South Pacific. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(2), 87-94.
Graycar, A. 2010. Racism and the tertiary student experience in Australia. A paper presented at the academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Canberra 2010, Australia.
Gu, Q. Schweisfurth, M. and Day, C. 2010. Learning and growing in a ‘foreign’ context: Intercultural experiences of international students’. Compare, 40(1), 7-23
Guion, L. A., Diehl, D. C. and McDonald, D. 2011. Triangulation: Establishing the validity of qualitative studies. (FCS6014). Miami: University of Florida.
International Organisation for Migration (IOM). 2017. ‘Migration and migrants: A global overview’. In IOM (2017) World Migration Report 2018. IOM: Geneva.
International Organisation for Migration (IOM). 2018. Global migration indicators 2018. IOM: Geneva.
Khanare, F. P. 2012. Schoolchildren affected by HIV in rural South Africa: Schools as environments that enable or limit coping. African Journal of AIDS Research, 11(3), 251-259.
Khanare, F. P. 2015. ‘Rethinking care and support of ‘vulnerable’ learners in the age of HIV and AIDS: An arts-based approach’. (Unpublished) Ph.D. thesis. Port Elizabeth.: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.
Kotecha, P. 2012. Introduction: Making internationalisation work for higher education in Southern Africa. In Kotecha, P. (Ed.), internationalisation in higher education perspectives from the Global South (pp. 1-3). Wits Johannesburg: Southern African Regional Universities Association (SARUA).
Krishnan V. 2010. Early child development: A conceptual model. <http://www.cup.ualberta.ca/wp.../ConceptualModelCUPwebsite_10April13.pdf>
(Retrieved 8 February 2014)
Kritz, M. M. 2012. Globalization of Higher Education and International Student Mobility United Nations Expert Group Meeting on new trends in migration: Demographic Aspects Population Division. <http://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/EGM_MigrationTrends/KritzPresentatio nFinal.pdf>. (Retrieved 4 December 2016)
Lee, J. J. 2010. International students’ experiences and attitudes at a US host institution: Self-reports and future recommendations. Journal of Research in International Education, 9(1), pp. 66-84.
Lillyman, S. and Bennett, C. 2014. Providing a positive learning experience for international students’ studying at UK universities: A literature review. Journal of Research in International Education, 13(1), 63-75.
MacGregor, K. 2014. Major survey of international students in South Africa. University World News, 333. <http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20071206163532421>
(Retrieved 11 September 2014)
Madge, C. Raghuram, P. and Noxolo, P. 2009. Engaged pedagogy and responsibility: A postcolonial analysis of international students. Geoforum, 40(1), 34-45.
Majyambere, M. 2012. ‘Information needs and information seeking behaviour of international students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus’. Master of Information thesis, (Unpublished). Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Marginson, S. Nyland, C. Sawir, E. and Forbes-Mewett, H. 2010. International student security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mda, T. V. 2010. African international students in South African universities. In Synder, I and Nieuwenhuysen, J. (Eds.), A home away from home? International students in Australian and South African higher education (pp. 146-166). Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Publishing
Menzies, J. L. and Baron, R. 2014. International postgraduate student transition experiences: The importance of student societies and friends. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(1), 84-94.
Mitchell, C. 2011. Doing visual research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mokhothu, T.M. and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The management of the international student experience in the South African context: The role of sociocultural adaptation and cultural intelligence. Acta Commercii, 18(1), pp.1-11.
Montgomery, C. 2010. Understanding the international student experience. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Montgomery, C. and McDowell, L. 2009. Social networks and the international student experience of an international community of practice. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(4), 455-466.
Mudhovozi, P. 2011. Adjustment experiences of international students at a South African university. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(2), 293-296.
Nwokedi, P. G. 2015. ‘International students’ experiences of learning in a selected South African University’. M.Ed. Thesis (Unpublished). Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
O’Reilly, A., Hickey, T. and Ryan, D. 2013. Higher education professionals’ perspectives on international student experiences of life and learning in Ireland: A qualitative study. Irish Educational Studies, 32(3), 355-375.
Oluwafemi, A. 2012. International postgraduate students from Africa are struggling. University World News (218). <http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20120420173341253>
(Retrieved 8 September 2014)
Paola, R. J. and Lemmer, E.M. 2013. Not merely a matter of academics: Student experiences of a South African university as study-abroad destination. Africa Education Review, 10(1), 80-96.
Pence, H. M. and MacGillivray, I. K. 2008. The impact of an international field experience on preservice teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(1), 14-25.
Pilote, A. and Benabdeljalil, A. 2007. Supporting the success of international students’ in Canadian Universities. Journal of Higher Education Perspectives, 2(2), 24-46.
Rajpal, R. 2012. ‘Educational journeys of international postgraduate students studying at UKZN (University of KwaZulu-Natal): A narrative inquiry’. MEd. thesis (Unpublished). Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Rule, P. and John, V. 2011. Your guide to case study research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Ryan, J. and Viete, R. 2009. Respectful interactions: Learning with international students’ in the English-speaking academy. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(3), 303-314.
South African Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). 2013. White Paper for Post School Education and Training: building an Expanded, Effective and Integrated Post School System. Pretoria: Government Printers.
.
Statistics South Africa (STASA). 2011. Census 2011: Migration dynamics in South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
Tarry, E., 2011. Is West really best? Social and cultural tensions international students experience having studied at British universities. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 35(1), 69-87.
Tesch, R., 1990. Qualitative research. New York: Falmer.
Townsend, P. and Poh, H. J., 2008. An Exploratory study of international students’ studying and living in a regional area. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 18(2), 240- 263.
Trahar, S. and Hyland, F. 2011. Experiences and perceptions of internationalisation in higher education in the UK. Higher Education Research and Development, 30(5), 623-633.
Tran, L. and Gribble, C. (2015). Foreign students have a valuable contribution to make. University World News (387). <http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20151020202131169> (Retrieved January 7th, 2018)
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights, and Advance Tables. WorkingPaperNo.ESA/P/WP.228.<https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/ WPP2012_HIGHLIGHTS.pdf>(Retrieved June 12th, 2019),
UNESCO. 2018. Education: Outbound internationally mobile students by host region. http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?queryid=172 World Bank. 2018. Outbound students by income (Retrieved 12 July 2019).
Vandeyar, S. 2010. Educational and socio-cultural experiences of immigrant students’ in South African schools. Education Inquiry, 1(4), 347-365.
Volet, S. and Jones, C. 2012. Cultural transitions in higher education: Individual adaptation, transformation and engagement. In S. Karabencik, S. and Uedan, T. (Eds.), Transitions across schools and cultures (pp. 241-284). Bingley, UK: Emerald publishers.
Wang, C. C. and Redwood-Jones, Y. A. 2001. Photovoice ethics: Perspectives from Flint photovoice. Health Education and Behaviour, 28(5), 560-572.
Wang, K. T. Heppner, P. P. Fu, C. C. Zhao, R. Li, F. and Chuang, C. C. 2012. Profiles of acculturative adjustment patterns among Chinese international students. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 59(3), 424-436.
Wang, T. 2009. Using photovoice for assessment in teacher education and examining the impacts of globalization on China. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE), International Education Research Conference, Canberra, Australia.
Wang, Y.-W. Lin, J. C. G. Pang, L. S. and Shen, F. C. 2007. International students from Asia. In Leong, F. T. L. Ebreo, A. Kinoshita, L. Inman, A. G. Yang, L. H. and Fu, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Asian American psychology (pp. 245-261). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wu, H. P. Garza, E. and Guzman, N. 2015. International students’ challenges and adjustments to college. Educational Research International, 2015, 1-9.
< http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202753> (Retrieved 17 June 2015)
Yukl, G.A. and Becker, W.S. 2006. Effective empowerment in organizations. Organization Management Journal, 3(3), pp.210-231.
Zar, D. 2009. ‘International students from Africa: The impact that living in South Africa has on one’s sense of identity’. Ph.D. thesis (Unpublished). Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.
Zhang-Wu, Q. 2018. Chinese international students’ experiences in American higher education institutes: A critical review of the literature. Journal of International Students, 8(2), 1173-1197.
Zhou, Y. Jindal‐Snape, D. Topping, K. and Todman, J. 2008. Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students’ in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63-75.
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Published
2020-05-03
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Winter 2020 Special Edition: Thriving in the Face of Adversity (Refugees)
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How to Cite
Thriving in the face of adversity: Mapping experiences of international students in a South African higher education institution. (2020). Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 12(Spring), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v12iSpring.1400
