A Pedagogy of Student Mobility
Facilitating humanistic outcomes in internationalization and student mobility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v12iSpring.1271Keywords:
Keywords: citizen diplomacy, higher education, international students, internationalization, student mobility, pedagogy, global outcomes, international educationAbstract
Student mobility is often hailed for its contributions to certain student outcomes such as improved international understanding and awareness (i.e. humanistic outcomes). Yet despite the heavy reliance placed upon student mobility to produce these humanistic outcomes, little academic effort has been devoted to how these outcomes are attained and what the role of the university should be in facilitating such outcomes. Far too often, universities rely on a type of magical thinking that assumes humanistic outcomes simply by bringing international students onto their campuses. As a result, shortcomings in student mobility programs persist including social and physical separation of international and domestic students, a lack of interaction between these two groups and even, at times, negative interactions that undermine the goals of these programs. Therefore, in place of magical thinking, this paper presents a pedagogy of student mobility to guide how universities approach international student programs. By conceptualizing student mobility as an educational activity in which the university must play the role of facilitator, the pedagogy borrows from a range of educational theories and tools to put forth four tenets that can assist universities in overcoming current shortcomings and fulfill the potential of student mobility programs.
References
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Bringle, Robert G., Julie A. Hatcher, and Steven G. 2012. International service learning: Conceptual frameworks and research. Stylus Publishing, LLC.
Braskamp, Larry A., David C. Braskamp, Kelly Carter Merrill, and Mark Engberg. 2014. Global Perspective Inventory (GPI): Its purpose construction, potential uses, and psychometric characteristics. Chicago: Global Perspective Institute, Inc., Chicago, IL.
Breuning, Marijke. 2007. “Undergraduate International Students: a Resource for the Intercultural Education of American Peers?” College Student Journal, 41(4), 1114–1122.
Burn, Barbara B. (1990). Study Abroad Programmes. Higher Education Policy Series 11, Volume I. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 13 Brunswick Centre, London WC1 England.
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Chang, Shanton. 2008. "Facilitating local-international student interaction and integration through curriculum development." In ISANA International Conference Educate Advocate Empower, University of NSW, pp. 5-8.
Chang, Mitchell J., June C. Chang, and Maria C. Ledesma. 2005. “Beyond magical thinking: Doing the real work of diversifying our institutions.” About Campus, 10(2), 9-16.
Chisholm, Linda. 2003. Partnerships for international service learning. In B. Jacoby (Ed.), Building partnerships for service-learning (pp. 259-288). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Valentine, Deborah, and Rebecca S. Cheney. 2001. “Intercultural business communication, international students, and experiential learning.” Business Communication Quarterly, 64(4), 90-104.
Clarke III, Irvine, Theresa B. Flaherty, Newell D. Wright, and Robert M. McMillen. 2009. “Student Intercultural Proficiency From Study Abroad Programs.” Journal of Marketing Education. http://doi.org/10.1177/0273475309335583
Douglas, Ceasar, and Catherine G. Jones-Rikkers. 2001. “Study abroad programs and American student worldmindedness: An empirical analysis.” Journal of Teaching in International Business, 13(1), 55-66.
Farrugia, Christine., Patricia Chow, and Rajika Bhandari. 2012. Open Doors 2011: Report on international educational exchange. New York, NY: Institute of International Education.
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Geelhoed, Robyn J., Jin Abe, and Donna M. Talbot. 2003. “A qualitative investigation of U.S. students’ experiences in an international peer program.” Journal of College Student Development, 44, 5-17.
Glass, Chris R., Rachawan Wongtrirat, and Stephanie Buus. 2015. International student engagement: Strategies for creating inclusive, connected, and purposeful campus environments. Stylus Publishing, LLC.
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Grey, Marianne. 2002. “Drawing with difference: Challenges faced by international students in an undergraduate business degree.” Teaching in Higher Education, 7(2), 153-166.
Helms, Robin M., Lucia Brajkovic, and B. Struthers. 2017. Mapping Internationalization on US Campuses: 2017 Edition. American Council on Education (ACE). Retrieved from https://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Pages/Mapping-Internationalization-on-U-S-Campuses.aspx
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Hill, Ian. 2015. The History and Development of International Mindedness. In M Hayden, J Levy & J Thompson (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of research in international education. Second edition (pp. 209-224). London: SAGE
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Institute of International Education (IIE). 2018. Open Doors Report. Retrieved from: https://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors
Jorgenson, Shelane. 2015. Orient(aliz)ation: A case study of North American international education programs at the University of Ghana. In MA Larsen (Ed.) International service learning: Engaging host communities (pp.119-130). New York: Routledge.
Kitsantas, Anastasia. 2004. “Studying abroad: The role of college students’ goals on the development of cross-cultural skills and global understanding.” College Student Journal, 38(30), 441-452.
Knight, Jane. 2012. “Student mobility and internationalization: Trends and tribulations.” Research in Comparative and International Education, 7(1), 20-33.
Knight, Jane. 2004. “Internationalization Remodeled: Definition, Approaches, and Rationales”. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832
Knight, Jane. 2003. “Updated definition of internationalization.” International Higher Education, 33(3), 2-3.
Larsen, Marianne. 2016. Internationalization of Higher Education: An Analysis through Spatial, Network, and Mobilities Theories. New York: Springer.
Larsen, Marianne. 2014. “Critical global citizenship and international service learning: A case study of the intensification effect.” Journal of Global Citizenship and Equity Education, 4(1), 1-43.
Lewin, Ross. 2009. Introduction: The quest for global citizenship through study abroad. In R Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. viii-xxii). New York: Routledge.
Luo, Jiali, and David Jamieson-Drake. 2013. “Examining the Educational Benefits of Interacting with International Students.” Journal of International Students, 85(2), 85–101.
Magnan, Sally Sieloff, and Michele Back. 2007. “Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad.” Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 43-61.
Matthews, Michael. 1989. “The scale of international education.” International Schools Journal, 17(7), 7-17.
Platow, Michael J., Kenneth I. Mavor, and Boris Bizumic. 2017. Introducing self and social identity in educational contexts: Self and social identity in educational contexts. New York: Routledge.
Mendelson, Vija. 2004. “Hindsight is 20/20: Student perceptions of language learning and the study abroad experience.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 43-63.
Merrill, Kelly Carter, David C. Braskamp, and Larry A. Braskamp. 2012. “Assessing individuals’ global perspective.” Journal of College Student Development, 53, 356-360.
Montgomery, Catherine. 2009. “A decade of internationalisation: Has it influenced students’ views of cross-cultural group work at university?” Journal of Studies in International Education, 13, 256-270.
Mortimore, Peter. 1999. Understanding pedagogy: and its impact on learning. Sage Publications.
Ogden, Anthony. 2008. “The View from the Veranda: Understanding Today's Colonial Student.”
Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15, 35-55.
Pandit, Kavita. 2007. “The Importance of International Students on Our Campuses.” Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, 69(1), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1353/pcg.2007.0012
Parker, Walter C. 2008. “International Education” What's in a Name?. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(3), 196-202.
Parker, Walter C. 2011. “‘International education’ in US public schools.” Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9(3-4), 487-501.
Plater, William M., Steven G. Jones, Robert G. Bringle, and Patti H. Clayton. 2009. Educating globally competent citizens through international service learning. In R Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 485-505). New York: Routledge.
Putnam, Robert D. 2007. “E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty‐first century the 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture.” Scandinavian political studies, 30(2), 137-174.
Soria, Krista M., and Jordan Troisi. 2014. “Internationalization at home alternatives to study abroad: Implications for students’ development of global, international, and intercultural competencies.” Journal of studies in international education, 18(3), 261-280.
Tanaka, Koichi. 2007. “Japanese students' contact with English outside the classroom during study abroad.” New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 36.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2018. Education Data. Retrieved from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/
Urban, Ewa L., and Louann Bierlein Palmer. 2014. “International Students as a Resource for Internationalization of Higher Education.” Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(4), 305–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313511642
Waters, Johanna, and Maggi Leung. 2013. “A colourful university life? Transnational higher education and the spatial dimensions of institutional social capital in Hong Kong.” Population, Space and Place, 19(2), 155-167.
Allport, Gordon W. 1954. The nature of prejudice. Oxford, England: Addison-Wesley.
Bringle, Robert G., Julie A. Hatcher, and Steven G. 2012. International service learning: Conceptual frameworks and research. Stylus Publishing, LLC.
Braskamp, Larry A., David C. Braskamp, Kelly Carter Merrill, and Mark Engberg. 2014. Global Perspective Inventory (GPI): Its purpose construction, potential uses, and psychometric characteristics. Chicago: Global Perspective Institute, Inc., Chicago, IL.
Breuning, Marijke. 2007. “Undergraduate International Students: a Resource for the Intercultural Education of American Peers?” College Student Journal, 41(4), 1114–1122.
Burn, Barbara B. (1990). Study Abroad Programmes. Higher Education Policy Series 11, Volume I. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 13 Brunswick Centre, London WC1 England.
Campbell, Rikki. 2016. Language Learners' Social Interaction during Study Abroad: Opportunities, Satisfaction, and Benefits. In DM. Velliaris & D. Coleman-George (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Study Abroad Programs and Outbound Mobility (pp. 722-754). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Chapdelaine, Raquel Faria, and Louise R. Alexitch. 2004. “Social skills difficulty: Model of culture shock for international graduate students.” Journal of College Student Development, 45(2), 167-184
Chang, Shanton. 2008. "Facilitating local-international student interaction and integration through curriculum development." In ISANA International Conference Educate Advocate Empower, University of NSW, pp. 5-8.
Chang, Mitchell J., June C. Chang, and Maria C. Ledesma. 2005. “Beyond magical thinking: Doing the real work of diversifying our institutions.” About Campus, 10(2), 9-16.
Chisholm, Linda. 2003. Partnerships for international service learning. In B. Jacoby (Ed.), Building partnerships for service-learning (pp. 259-288). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Valentine, Deborah, and Rebecca S. Cheney. 2001. “Intercultural business communication, international students, and experiential learning.” Business Communication Quarterly, 64(4), 90-104.
Clarke III, Irvine, Theresa B. Flaherty, Newell D. Wright, and Robert M. McMillen. 2009. “Student Intercultural Proficiency From Study Abroad Programs.” Journal of Marketing Education. http://doi.org/10.1177/0273475309335583
Douglas, Ceasar, and Catherine G. Jones-Rikkers. 2001. “Study abroad programs and American student worldmindedness: An empirical analysis.” Journal of Teaching in International Business, 13(1), 55-66.
Farrugia, Christine., Patricia Chow, and Rajika Bhandari. 2012. Open Doors 2011: Report on international educational exchange. New York, NY: Institute of International Education.
Fink, Arlene. 2019. Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper. Sage Publications.
Geelhoed, Robyn J., Jin Abe, and Donna M. Talbot. 2003. “A qualitative investigation of U.S. students’ experiences in an international peer program.” Journal of College Student Development, 44, 5-17.
Glass, Chris R., Rachawan Wongtrirat, and Stephanie Buus. 2015. International student engagement: Strategies for creating inclusive, connected, and purposeful campus environments. Stylus Publishing, LLC.
Gurin, Patricia, Eric Dey, Sylvia Hurtado, and Gerald Gurin. 2002. “Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational out-comes.” Harvard Educational Review, 72(3), 330–366.
Grey, Marianne. 2002. “Drawing with difference: Challenges faced by international students in an undergraduate business degree.” Teaching in Higher Education, 7(2), 153-166.
Helms, Robin M., Lucia Brajkovic, and B. Struthers. 2017. Mapping Internationalization on US Campuses: 2017 Edition. American Council on Education (ACE). Retrieved from https://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Pages/Mapping-Internationalization-on-U-S-Campuses.aspx
Heron, Barbara. 2011. “Challenging indifference to extreme poverty: Considering southern perspectives on global citizenship and change.” Ethics and Economics, 81(1), 110–119.
Hill, Ian. 2015. The History and Development of International Mindedness. In M Hayden, J Levy & J Thompson (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of research in international education. Second edition (pp. 209-224). London: SAGE
Horey, Dell, Tracy Fortune, Toula Nicolacopoulos, Emiko Kashima, and Bernice Mathisen. 2018. “Global citizenship and higher education: A scoping review of the empirical evidence.” Journal of Studies in International Education, 22(5), 472-492.
Institute of International Education (IIE). 2018. Open Doors Report. Retrieved from: https://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors
Jorgenson, Shelane. 2015. Orient(aliz)ation: A case study of North American international education programs at the University of Ghana. In MA Larsen (Ed.) International service learning: Engaging host communities (pp.119-130). New York: Routledge.
Kitsantas, Anastasia. 2004. “Studying abroad: The role of college students’ goals on the development of cross-cultural skills and global understanding.” College Student Journal, 38(30), 441-452.
Knight, Jane. 2012. “Student mobility and internationalization: Trends and tribulations.” Research in Comparative and International Education, 7(1), 20-33.
Knight, Jane. 2004. “Internationalization Remodeled: Definition, Approaches, and Rationales”. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832
Knight, Jane. 2003. “Updated definition of internationalization.” International Higher Education, 33(3), 2-3.
Larsen, Marianne. 2016. Internationalization of Higher Education: An Analysis through Spatial, Network, and Mobilities Theories. New York: Springer.
Larsen, Marianne. 2014. “Critical global citizenship and international service learning: A case study of the intensification effect.” Journal of Global Citizenship and Equity Education, 4(1), 1-43.
Lewin, Ross. 2009. Introduction: The quest for global citizenship through study abroad. In R Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. viii-xxii). New York: Routledge.
Luo, Jiali, and David Jamieson-Drake. 2013. “Examining the Educational Benefits of Interacting with International Students.” Journal of International Students, 85(2), 85–101.
Magnan, Sally Sieloff, and Michele Back. 2007. “Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad.” Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 43-61.
Matthews, Michael. 1989. “The scale of international education.” International Schools Journal, 17(7), 7-17.
Platow, Michael J., Kenneth I. Mavor, and Boris Bizumic. 2017. Introducing self and social identity in educational contexts: Self and social identity in educational contexts. New York: Routledge.
Mendelson, Vija. 2004. “Hindsight is 20/20: Student perceptions of language learning and the study abroad experience.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 43-63.
Merrill, Kelly Carter, David C. Braskamp, and Larry A. Braskamp. 2012. “Assessing individuals’ global perspective.” Journal of College Student Development, 53, 356-360.
Montgomery, Catherine. 2009. “A decade of internationalisation: Has it influenced students’ views of cross-cultural group work at university?” Journal of Studies in International Education, 13, 256-270.
Mortimore, Peter. 1999. Understanding pedagogy: and its impact on learning. Sage Publications.
Ogden, Anthony. 2008. “The View from the Veranda: Understanding Today's Colonial Student.”
Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15, 35-55.
Pandit, Kavita. 2007. “The Importance of International Students on Our Campuses.” Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, 69(1), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1353/pcg.2007.0012
Parker, Walter C. 2008. “International Education” What's in a Name?. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(3), 196-202.
Parker, Walter C. 2011. “‘International education’ in US public schools.” Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9(3-4), 487-501.
Plater, William M., Steven G. Jones, Robert G. Bringle, and Patti H. Clayton. 2009. Educating globally competent citizens through international service learning. In R Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 485-505). New York: Routledge.
Putnam, Robert D. 2007. “E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty‐first century the 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture.” Scandinavian political studies, 30(2), 137-174.
Soria, Krista M., and Jordan Troisi. 2014. “Internationalization at home alternatives to study abroad: Implications for students’ development of global, international, and intercultural competencies.” Journal of studies in international education, 18(3), 261-280.
Tanaka, Koichi. 2007. “Japanese students' contact with English outside the classroom during study abroad.” New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 36.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2018. Education Data. Retrieved from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/
Urban, Ewa L., and Louann Bierlein Palmer. 2014. “International Students as a Resource for Internationalization of Higher Education.” Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(4), 305–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313511642
Waters, Johanna, and Maggi Leung. 2013. “A colourful university life? Transnational higher education and the spatial dimensions of institutional social capital in Hong Kong.” Population, Space and Place, 19(2), 155-167.
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2020-05-03
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How to Cite
A Pedagogy of Student Mobility: Facilitating humanistic outcomes in internationalization and student mobility. (2020). Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 12(Spring), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v12iSpring.1271
