What is wrong with silence in intercultural classrooms? An insight into international students’ integration at a UK university
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iWinter.1087Keywords:
international student, oral communication, classroom context, peer interactionAbstract
Recent research has reported a common tendency for international students to be silent in the classroom, identifying language competence and cultural difference as main barriers to participation. However, insights into the integration of international students within the classroom context remain rather limited. Grounded in the framework of Lave and Wenger’s community of practice, this paper examines the issue of silence in verbal participation of postgraduate international students of different socio-cultural backgrounds in a UK university context. Findings reveal tensions in classroom activities resulting from different perceptions and attitudes towards oral participation. Comparative analyses in different classroom communities and peer interactions were carried out to provide implications for practice to better integrate international students within educational context.
References
Bryman, Alan. 2012. Social Research Methods. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cheng, Xiaotang. 2000. “Asian Students’ Reticence Revisited.” System 28 (3): 435–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(00)00015-4.
Choi, Jung Yun. 2015. “Reasons for Silence: A Case Study of Two Korean Students at a U.S. Graduate School.” TESOL Journal 6 (3): 579–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.209.
Dippold, Doris. 2015. Classroom Interaction: The Internationalised Anglophone University. New York. Palgrave Macmillan.
Duff, Patricia a. 2007. ‘Second Language Socialization as Sociocultural Theory: Insights and Issues’. Language Teaching 40 (04): 309–19. doi:10.1017/S0261444807004508.
Duff, Patricia a. 2010. “Language Socialization into Academic Discourse Communities.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30: 169–92.
Gu, Qing, Michele Schweisfurth, and Christopher Day. 2009. “Learning and Growing in a ‘foreign’ Context: Intercultural Experiences of International Students.” Compare 40 (1): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920903115983.
Guo, Shibao, and Mackie Chase. 2011. “Internationalisation of Higher Education: Integrating International Students into Canadian Academic Environment.” Teaching in Higher Education 16 (3): 305–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.546524.
Ha, Phan Le, and Binghui Li. 2014. “Silence as Right, Choice, Resistance and Strategy among Chinese ‘Me Generation’ Students: Implications for Pedagogy.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 35 (2): 233–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2012.745733.
Hollander, Jocelyn A. 2002. “Learning to Discuss: Strategies for Improving the Quality of Class Discussion.” Teaching Sociology 30 (3): 317–27.
Kim, Soonhyang, Burcu Ates, Yurimi Grigsby, Stefani Kraker, and Timothy A Micek. 2016. “Ways to Promote the Classroom Participation of International Students by Understanding the Silence of Japanese University Students.” Journal of International Students 6 (2): 431–50.
Kubota, Ryuko, and Al Lehner. 2004. “Toward Critical Contrastive Rhetoric.” Journal of Second Language Writing 13 (1): 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSLW.2004.04.003.
Lave, Jean, and Etienne, Wenger. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morita, Naoko. 2004. “Negotiating Participation and Identity in Second Language Academic Communities.” TESOL QUARTERLY 38 (4): 573–603. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588281.
Moskal, Marta, and Michele Schweisfurth. 2018. “Learning, Using and Exchanging Global Competence in the Context of International Postgraduate Mobility.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 16 (1): 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2017.1387768.
Nakane, Ikuko. 2006. “Silence and Politeness in Intercultural Communication in University Seminars.” Journal of Pragmatics 38 (11): 1811–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PRAGMA.2006.01.005.
Patton, Michael Quinn. 2015. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods : Integrating Theory and Practice. 4th ed. CA: Sage.
Silverman, David. 2013. Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook. SAGE Publications Limited.
Tatar, Sibel. 2005. “Why Keep Silent? The Classroom Participation Experiences of Non-Native-English-Speaking Students.” Language and Intercultural Communication 5 (3–4): 284–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708470508668902.
Wenger, Etienne. 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yu, Yun, and Marta Moskal. 2018. “Missing Intercultural Engagements in the University Experiences of Chinese International Students in the UK.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, no. March: 1–18.
Zappa-Hollman, Sandra, and Patricia A. Duff. 2015. “Academic English Socialization through Individual Networks of Practice.” TESOL Quarterly 49 (2): 333–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.188.
Zhou, Yanqiu Rachel, Della Knoke, and Izumi Sakamoto. 2005. “Rethinking Silence in the Classroom: Chinese Students’ Experiences of Sharing Indigenous Knowledge.” International Journal of Inclusive Education 9 (3): 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110500075180.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education (JCIHE) are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to CIES, HESIG, or the sponsoring universities of the Editorial Staff. These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. Readers are free to copy, display, and distribute articles that appear in JCIHE as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and JCIHE, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or JCIHE. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JCIHE upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide serial publication rights and the right for JCIHE to grant permissions as its editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and metadata associated with the article in professional indexing and reference services.