An Empirical Inquiry into the Nature of Systematic Discrimination and Trajectory of Increasing Communal Segregation in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/k1p4q175Keywords:
Ghettosiation; Communal; Muslim: Juhapura; IndiaAbstract
This study explores the ongoing communal discrimination of Muslims and forced segregation. This large-scale discrimination of Muslims at every level is a recent phenomenon, primarily attributed to regular religious riots and stat neglect to the issue. The study relies on field evidence and extensive literature review to understand the nature of the ghettoization process. In recent decades, Gujarat has become a focal point of communal tension, forces Muslim population to relocate to several within the state and sometime other parts of the country in search of safety from their original locations. It uses Juhapura area as a case to illustrate the discriminatory processes. These ghettos are underdeveloped and lack the physical and socioeconomic infrastructure necessary for a basic standard of living.
References
Agamben, G (2005). State of Exception, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Angelou, M (2007). I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Virago press, Print.
Ballhatchet K and Harrison J (1980). The City in South Asia: Pre-Modern and Modern, Delhi: Routledge.
Basant R and Shariff A (2010). Handbook of Muslims in India: Empirical and Policy Perspectives, Oxford: University Press.
Berenschot W (2011). Riot Politics: Hindu-Muslim Violence and the Indian State, New York: Columbia University Press
Bhatnagar, C. D., Jani, N., Lakshya, Chauhan, V. S., and Kujur, K. (2020). Ajeevika: Livelihood mapping and planning of Juhapura slum of Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad: SAATH Charitable Trust.
Breman J (1999) Ghettoization and communal politics: The dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in the Hindutva landscape. In: Bose S, Jalal A (eds) Nationalism, Democracy and Development: State and Politics in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 259–283.
Contractor Q (2012). Unwanted in my city: The making of a Muslim slum in Mumbai. In: Gayer L, Jaffrelot C (eds) Muslims in Indian cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation, London: Hurst, 23-42.
Dhattiwala R (2016). Next-door strangers: Explaining “neighbourliness” among Hindus and Muslims in a riot-affected city. In: Hassan R (ed.) Indian Muslims: Struggling for Equality of Citizenship, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 146-167.
Galonnier J (2014). The enclave, the citadel and the ghetto: The threefold segregation of upper-class Muslims in India. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(1), 92-111.
Gayer L and Jaffrelot C (2012). Muslims in Indian cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation. London: Hurst.
Heitzman, J (2008). The City in South Asia, London: Routledge.
Herscher, A (2019). Displacements: Architecture and Refugee, Germany: Sternberg Press.
Jamil, G (2014). The capitalist logic of spatial segregation: A study of Muslims in Delhi. Economic & Political Weekly, 49(3), 52-58.
Jasani, R (2008). Violence, Reconstruction and Islamic reform: Stories from the Muslim “ghetto.” Modern Asian Studies, 42(2/3), 431-456.
Lens, M.C (2017). Measuring the geography of opportunity. Progress in Human Geography, 41(1), 3-25.
Marcuse, P (1997). The enclave, the citadel, and the ghetto: What has changed in the post-fordist U.S. city, Urban Affairs Review, 33(2), 228-264.
Mhaskar, S (2013). Indian Muslims in a Global City: Socio-Political Effects on Economic Preferences in Contemporary Mumbai, Göttingen: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity.
Parwez, S. (2018). Labour and labour welfare in special economic zones in India with special reference to Gujarat. South Asian Survey, 23(2), 1-23.
Peach C (2005). The ghetto and the ethnic enclave. In: Varady D (ed.) Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality, Albany: State University of New York Press, 31-48.
Sachar R, et al. (2006). Report on social, economic and educational status of the Muslim community of India. Available on http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/reports/sachar-committee-report
Schwartz, DB (2019). The Early History of the Ghetto. Ghetto: The History of a Word, Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 9-48.
Susewind R, and Dhattiwala R (2014). Spatial variation in the “Muslim vote” in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, 2014. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(39), 99-110.
Susewind, R. (2017). Muslims in Indian cities: degrees of segregation and the elusive ghetto, Environment and Planning, 49(6), 1286-1307.
Thorat S, Bannerjee A, Mishra V and Rizvi F (2015). Urban rental housing market: Caste & religion matters in access. Economic and Political Weekly, 50(26 & 27), 47-53.
Varady D.P. (2005). Desegregating the City. Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality. Albany: State of New York University Press.