Race Matters: Midlife, Black Female Doctoral Students Navigating Racial Undercurrents

Authors

  • S. Renee Jones Middle Tennessee State University, USA
  • Jovita Ross-Gordon Texas State University, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/72rybq71

Keywords:

doctoral studies, Black students, female students, middle-aged students

Abstract

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the experiences of midlife, Black, female doctoral students. The overarching question guiding this study was: What meanings did midlife, Black, female doctoral students attach to their doctoral experiences? Data were collected from nine participants using in-depth semi-structured interviews and critical incident reflections. As this study was concerned with examining the experiences of midlife. Black, female doctoral students and how the intersection of these three locations impacted the doctoral experience, a conceptual framework incorporating Black feminist thought and intersectionality was also used in order to analyze the phenomenon. Participants were selected from various institutions and from a diverse group of programs. Findings suggest that as older Black women, these doctoral students were subject to different academic and social expectations that influenced their doctoral journey. This study contributes to the limited body of research on older Black women in higher education and gives institutions strategies for supporting this population.

Author Biographies

  • S. Renee Jones, Middle Tennessee State University, USA

    S. RENÉE JONES is an assistant professor in the integrated studies program at Middle Tennessee State University. Her research centers the experiences of adults in higher education with specific foci on 1) Black female doctoral students, 2) doctoral preparedness and 3) faculty incivility in graduate programs.

  • Jovita Ross-Gordon, Texas State University, USA

    JOVITA ROSS-GORDON is a distinguished professor emerita in the adult, professional and community education program at Texas State University. Her research centers on teaching and learning of adults, with specific foci on 1) adult learners in higher education, 2) adults with disabilities, and 3) issues of diversity and equity in adult higher education and continuing professional education.

References

Alfred, M. V. (2001). Expanding theories of career development: Adding the voices of African American women in the White academy. Adult Education Quarterly, 51(2), 108-127.

Bowleg, L. (2012). The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-

an important theoretical framework for public health. American Journal of Public

Health, 102(7), 1267–1273.

Borum, V., & Walker, E. (2012). What makes the difference? Black women's undergraduate and graduate experiences in mathematics. The Journal of Negro Education, 81(4), 366-378.

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

Carter, M. (2010). Black females in college. In K. Lomotey (Ed.), Encyclopedia of African American Education (pp. 80-85). Encyclopedia of African American Education. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Coker, A. D. (2003). African American female adult learners: Motivations, challenges, and coping strategies. Journal of Black Studies, 33(5), 654.

Colaizzi, P. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48-71). Oxford University Press.

Collins, P.H. (1997). Defining Black feminist thought. In Nicholson, L. J. (Ed.). The second wave: a reader in feminist theory (pp. 241-259). Routledge.

Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Routledge.

Collins, P. H. (2002). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (2nd ed.). Routledge

Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 1241-1299.

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.

Ellis, E. M. (2001). The impact of race and gender on graduate school socialization, satisfaction with doctoral study, and commitment to degree completion. Western Journal of Black Studies, 25(1), 30-45.

Evans-Winters, V. E., & Love, B. L. (2015). Introduction. In V. E. Evans-Winters & B. L. Love (Eds.), Black feminism in education: Black women speak back, up, and out (pp. 1–6). New York, NY: Peter Lang.

Grant, C. M. (2012). Advancing our legacy: A Black feminist perspective on the significance of mentoring for African-American women in educational leadership. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 25(1), 101-117.

Grant, C. M., & Simmons, J. C. (2008). Narratives on experiences of African-American women in the academy: Conceptualizing effective mentoring relationships of doctoral student and faculty. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 21(5), 501-517. doi:10.1080/09518390802297789

Guiffrida, D. A., & Douthit, K. Z. (2010). The Black student experience at predominantly White colleges: Implications for school and college counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD, 88(3), 311-318.

Harris, J. C., Haywood, J. M. Martin, J. E., Ivery, S. M. & Schuck, J. R. (2015). “Yes, I am smart!”: Battling micoraggressions as women of color doctoral students. In Martin, J. (Ed.). Racial battle fatigue insights from the front lines of social justice advocacy. Praeger.

Harrison, E. (2000). Black doctoral graduates from a predominantly White university. Paper presented at the NAAAS Conference Proceedings, 416.

Hankivksy, O. (2014). Intersectionality 101. Vancouver, BC: Institute for Intersectionality Research & Policy, Simon Fraser University.

hooks, b. (1989). Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. South End Press.

Howard-Hamilton, M. (2003). Meeting the needs of African American women. Jossey-Bass.

Johnson-Bailey, J. (1998). Black reentry women in the academy: Making a way out of no way. Initiatives, 58(4), 37-48.

Johnson-Bailey, J. (2001). Sistahs in college: Making a way out of no way. Krieger Publishing Company.

Lachman, M. E. (2004). Development in midlife. Annual Review Psychology, 55, 305-331.

Lester, S. (1999). An introduction to phenomenological research. Stan Lester Developments.

Levin, M. E., & Levin, J. R. (1991). A critical examination of academic retention programs for at-risk minority college students. Journal of College Student Development, 32, 323-334.

Lovitts, B. E. (2001). Leaving the ivory tower: The causes and consequences of departure from doctoral study. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Maher, M. A., Ford, M. E., & Thompson, C. M. (2004). Degree progress of women doctoral students: Factors that constrain, facilitate, and differentiate. The Review of Higher Education, (3), 385-408.

Margolis, E., & Romero, M. (1998). The department is very male, very white, very old, and very conservative: The functioning of the hidden curriculum in graduate sociology departments. Harvard Educational Review, 68(1), 1-32.

McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771-1800.

Morales, E. M. (2014). Intersectional impact: Black students and race, gender and class microaggressions in higher education. Race, Gender & Class, 21(3/4), 48.

Morris, M., & Bunjun, B. (2007). Using intersectional feminist frameworks in research. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1-9.

Patton, L. D. (2009). My sister's keeper: A qualitative examination of mentoring experiences among African American women in graduate and professional schools. The Journal of Higher Education, (5). 510.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.

Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2005). The adult learner of color: An overlooked college student population. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 53(2), 2-11.

Shavers, M. C., & Moore II, J. L., I. (2014). The double-edged sword: Coping and resiliency strategies of African American women enrolled in doctoral programs at predominately white institutions. Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies, (3), 15-38.

Shields, S. (2008). Gender: An intersectionality perspective. Sex Roles, 59(5-6), 301-311.

Simon, T. (2011). In her words: Factors influencing African American women to pursue and complete doctoral degrees in engineering. Paper presented at meeting of the Women in Engineering ProActive Network, 2010.

Spurlock, J. (1984). The midlife woman as student. In G. K., Baruch & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Women in midlife. (pp. 11-30). Plenum Press.

Tatum, B. D. (1987). Assimilation blues: Black families in White communities, who succeeds and why. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Tatum, B. D. (2003). Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?: and other conversations about race. Basic Books.

Thomas, A., Hacker, J., & Hoxha, D. (2011). Gendered racial identity of Black young women. Sex Roles, 64(7), 530-542. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9939-y

Thurston, M. P. (2002). Living in two different worlds: Exploring the life stories of ten nontraditional African-American reentry women (Order No. 3047743). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (287899643). Retrieved from http://libproxy.txstate.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.txstate.edu/docview/287899643?accountid=5683

Torres, V., & Howard-Hamilton, MF, & Cooper, D.L. (2003). Identity Development of Diverse Populations. Wiley Periodicals.

Turnage, B. F. (2004). Influences on adolescent African American females' global self-esteem: Body image and ethnic identity. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 13(4), 27-45. doi:10.1300/J05iv13n04_02

Turner, C. V. (2002). Women of color in academe: Living with multiple marginality. The Journal of Higher Education, (1), 74.

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups 2016 (NCES 2016-007), Indicator 22.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-22

How to Cite

Race Matters: Midlife, Black Female Doctoral Students Navigating Racial Undercurrents . (2024). Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress, 8(SI(1). https://doi.org/10.32674/72rybq71