Novel peptide-based remineralization of dental caries

A systematic review

Abstract

This systematic review aims to provide an understanding of the mechanisms of action, and to compare and evaluate the efficacy of novel peptide-based remineralisation strategies based on P11-4, QP5, DSS and Sp-H5 in the treatment of dental caries. Of the 46 studies included, P11-4 working via β‑sheet fibrillar scaffold and de novo nucleation was found to be the most studied to have progressed to the clinical phase. Meanwhile, QP5 primarily stabilises amorphous calcium phosphate via domain-specific ion interactions, whereas DSS exhibits electrostatic adsorption and nucleation templating on demineralised surfaces. DSS has been studied in the form of varying numbers of amino acid repeats, with the most efficacy demonstrated in longer chains.