The Relationship Between State Funded Merit Scholarships and Student Loan Debt

Authors

  • Mary Borg University of North Florida
  • Mary Beal University Of North Florida
  • Harriet Stranahan University of North Florida

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/hepe.v7i1.3688

Keywords:

Student Debt, Merit-Based Scholarships, Public Finance

Abstract

This paper uses a sample of 13,643 students attending a 4-year state university in Florida to estimate a selection-bias corrected quantile regression of loan debt at graduation.  The study investigates whether the debt levels of students who received the Florida Bright Futures (FBF) scholarship are significantly different from the debt levels of students who did not receive the scholarship.  The empirical results show that FBF recipients accumulate higher debt, on average, than similar students who did not receive the award.  However, for students from the lowest income households and with the highest levels of debt, the FBF scholarship award does reduce the overall amount of debt they accumulate.

References

Baum, S., & O’Malley, M. (2003). College on credit: How borrowers perceive their education debt. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 33(3), 7-19. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c4d6/f4139745cc9cd03242ef31eb94dfb7fccebf.pdf

Baum, S., and Saunders, D. (1998). Life after debt: Results of the national student loan survey. Braintree, MA: Nellie Mae Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jsfa/vol28/iss3/1

Beal, M., Borg, M., & Stranahan, H. (2019). The onus of student debt: Who is most impacted by the rising cost of higher education? International Research Journal of Applied Finance, 10 (8), 219-231. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://www.irjaf.com/volume.-x--2019-.html

Binder, M., Ganderton, P. & Hutchens, K. (2002). Incentive effects of New Mexico's merit-based state scholarship program. Who responds and how? Who Should We Help, 41-56. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED468845.pdf

Binder, M. & Ganderton,P. (2004). The New Mexico lottery scholarship: Does it help minority and low-income students? In D. E. Heller and P. E. Marin Eds.), State Merit Scholarship Programs and Racial Inequality (pp.101-22). The Civil Rights Project at Harvard.

Borg, J, & Borg, M. (2007). The reverse Robin Hood effect: The distribution of net benefits from the Florida Bright Futures Scholarship. Florida Political Chronicle, 18, 1-8. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from http://www.fpsanet.org/uploads/8/8/7/3/8873825/vol._18_2007.pdf

Buchinsky, Moshe. (2001). Quantile regression with sample selection: Estimating women’s returns to education in the U.S. Empirical Economics, 26,87-113 DOI: 10.1007/s001810000061

Cha, K., Weagley, R. & Reynolds, L. (2005). Parental borrowing for dependent children’s higher education. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26, 299-321. DOI: 10.1007/s10834-005-5900-y

Charles, C., Roscigno, V. & Torres, K. (2007). Racial inequality and college attendance: The mediating role of parental investments. Social Science Research, 36, 329-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.02.004

Chen, R., & Wiederspan, M. (2014) Understanding the determinants of debt burden among college graduates. The Journal of Higher Education, 85(4), 565-598. DOI: 10.1353/jhe.2014.0020

Choy, S., & Berker, A. (2003). How families of low- and middle-income undergraduates pay for college: Full-time dependent students in 1999-2000. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003162.pdf

Cobas-Valdés, A., Fernández-Macho, J. & Fernández-Sainz, A. (2017). Earnings distribution of Cuban immigrants in the USA: evidence from quantile regression with sample selection. Applied Economics 49(37), 3685-3700. DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2016.1265079

Cornwell, C., Mustard, D., & Sridhar, D. (2006). The enrollment effects of merit‐based financial aid: Evidence from Georgia’s HOPE Program. Journal of Labor Economics 24 (4), 761-786. DOI: 10.1086/506485

Cornwell, D. & Mustard, D. (2007). Merit-based college scholarships and car sales. Education Finance and Policy 2(2),133-151. Accessed May 21, 2020 from www.jstor.org/stable/educfinapoli.2.2.133

Despard, M., Perantie, D., Taylor, S., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Friedline, T. & Raghavan, R. (2016).

Student debt and hardship: Evidence from a large sample of low- and moderate-income households.

Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 8-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.001

Dynarski, S. (2000). Hope for whom? Financial aid for the middle class and its impact on college attendance. National Tax Journal 53(3), 629- 661. Accessed May 21, 2020 from https://users.nber.org/~dynarski/2000%20Hope%20for%20Whom.pdf

Dynarski, S. (2002). The consequences of merit aid. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. DOI: 10.3386/w9400

Elliott, W., & Lewis, M. K. (2015). The real college debt crisis: How student borrowing threatens financial well-being and erodes the American dream. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger.

Federal Reserve Bank. (2019). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. households in 2018. Accessed May 21, 2020 from https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/2019-economic-well-being-of-us-households-in-2018-student-loans-and-other-education-debt.htm.

Florida Bright Futures. (2019). Florida Bright Futures Disbursement History (2020). Accessed May 15, 2020 from https://www.floridastudentfinancialaidsg.org/SAPFBFSSR/SAPFBFSSR).

Fry, R. (2014). The growth in student debt. Pew Research Center. Accessed May 15, 2020 from https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/10/07/the-growth-in-student-debt/.

Goldrick-Rab, S., Kelchen, R., & Houle, J. (2014). The color of education debt: Implications of federal loan program reforms for Black students and Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Accessed May 15, 2020 from http://wihopelab.com/publications/Goldrick-Rab%20Kelchen%20Houle%202014.pdf

Grinstein-Weiss. M., Perantie, D., Taylor, S., Guo, S., T. & Raghavan, R. (2016). Racial disparities in education debt burden among low- and moderate-income households. Children and Youth Services Review. 65, 166-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.04.010

Grodsky, E., and Jones, M. (2007). Real and imagined barriers to college entry: Perceptions of cost. Social Science Research, 36 (2), 745-766. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssreasearch.2006.05.001

Gross, J., Torres, V.,& Zerquera, D. (2013). Financial aid and attainment among students in a state with changing demographics. Research in Higher Education, 54(4),383-406. DOI: 10.1007/s11162-012-9276-1

Harrington, J., Muñoz, J., Curs, B. & Ehlert, M. (2016). Examining the impact of a highly targeted state administered merit aid program on brain drain: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis of Missouri’s Bright Flight Program. Research in Higher Education, 57(4), 423-447. Retrieved May 21, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/43920057

Heller, D. E., & Rasmussen, C. J. (2002). Merit scholarships and college access: Evidence from Florida and Michigan. Who Should We Help, 25-40. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED468845.pdf

Heller, D. (2006). Merit aid and college access. In Symposium on the Consequences of Merit-Based Student Aid. Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Center for the Advancement of Postsecondary Education. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.544.2863&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Heller, D. E., & Marin, P. (Eds.). (2004). State merit Scholarship Programs and Racial Inequality. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED489183.pdf

Hickman, D. C. (2009). The effects of higher education policy on the location decision of individuals: Evidence from Florida’s Bright Futures Scholarship Program. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39(5), 553–562. DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2009.04.002

Hossler, D., & Vesper, N. (2016). An exploratory study of the factors associated with parental saving for postsecondary education. The Journal of Higher Education 64(2), 140-165. DOI: 10.1080/00221546.1993.11778420

Houle, J. (2014). Disparities in debt: Parent’s socioeconomic resources and young adult student loan debt. Sociology of Education. 87(1), 53-69. DOI: 10.1177/0038040713512213

Jackson, B. & Reynolds, J. (2013). The price of opportunity: Race, student loan debt, and college achievement. Sociological Inquiry, 83, 335-68. DOI: 10.1111/soin.12012

Kim, J., Chatterjee, S., Young J., & Moon, U. (2016). The cost of access: Racial disparities in student loan burdens of young adults. College Student Journal, 51(1), 99-116. Accessed May 21, 2020 from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1132262

Lederman, D. (2018). States' slow, steady embrace of need-based aid. Inside Higher Education. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/11/05/proportion-state-financial-aid-awarded-based-financial-need-grows

Letkiewicz, J., Lim, H.,& Heckman, S. (2014). The path to graduation: factors predicting on-time graduation rates. Journal of College Student Retention: Research Theory and Practice. 16 (4): 94-112. DOI: 10.2190/CS.16.3.c

Millett, C. (1993). How undergraduate loan debt affects application and enrollment in graduate or first professional school. The Journal of Higher Education, 74(4), 386-427. DOI: 10.1353/jhe.2003.0030

Poplaski, S., Kemnitz, R., & Robb, C. A. (2019). Investing in education: Impact of student financial stress on self- reported health. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 48(2), 1–18. Retrieved May 22, 2020 https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jsfa/vol48/iss2/3/

Price, D. (2004). Educational debt burden among student borrowers: An examination of the Baccalaureate and Beyond Panel, 1997 follow-up. Research in Higher Education, 45(7), 701-737. DOI: 10.1023/B:RIHE.0000044228.54798.4c

Robb, C. A., Moody, B., & Abdel-Ghany, M. (2012). College student persistence to degree: The burden of debt. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 13(4), 431–456. DOI: 10.2190/CS.13.4.b

Schoeni, R., & Ross, K. (2005). Material assistance from families during the transition to adulthood. In On the Frontier of Adulthood: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. R. Settersten, Furstenberg, F. & Rumbaut, R. (eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 396-416.

Steelman, L. & Powell, B. (1991). Sponsoring the next generation: Parental willingness to pay for higher education. American Journal of Sociology, 96,1505-29. Accessed May 22, 2020 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2781909

Stranahan, H. & Borg, M. (2004). Some futures are brighter than others: The net benefits received by Florida Bright Futures recipients. Public Finance Review, 32(1), 105-126. DOI: 10.1177/1091142103258229

Student Loan Hero. (2020) Accessed May 21, 2020 from https://studentloanhero.com/student-loan-debt-statistics

Velez, E., Cominole, M., & Bentz, A. (2019). Debt burden after college: The effect of student loan debt on graduates’ employment, additional schooling, family formation, and home ownership. Education Economics, 27(2), 186–198. DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2018.1541167

Downloads

Published

2021-10-18

Issue

Section

Research Papers

How to Cite

The Relationship Between State Funded Merit Scholarships and Student Loan Debt . (2021). Higher Education Politics and Economics, 7(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.32674/hepe.v7i1.3688