What’s in a Debt Letter? A Content and Linguistic Analysis of Student Loan Debt Letters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/hepe.v7i1.3562Keywords:
debt letters, financial aid, college students, debtAbstract
Since 2012, many Title IV institutions of higher education have sent their students debt letters to inform these students of their outstanding loan amounts, estimated or real monthly payments, and other loan-related information. This study analyzes a sample of 24 debt letters gathered from institutions of higher education across the country. Results suggest most debt letters are not readable by the average first- or second-year college student, jargon differs between sectors (ex: public, private), and debt letters share many common elements, such as aggregate loan totals and interest rates, but many do not include contact information or any multimedia, even though letters were written to be delivered digitally. Implications for research, practice, and financial aid communication are addressed.
References
Attigo. (2020). Definitive guide to debt letters. Retrieved from https://www.attigo.com/definitive-guide-to-debt-letters
Burd, S., Fishman, R., Keane, L., & Habbert, J. (2018). Decoding the cost of college. https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/policy-papers/decoding-cost-college/
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2020). Consumer Financial Protection Bureau releases online tool to help college students determine how to pay for college. https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-releases-online-tool-help-college-students-determine-how-pay-college/
Darolia, R. (2016). An experiment on information use in college student loan decisions. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Working Paper Series, 1-41.
Darolia, R., & Harper, C. (2018). Information use and attention deferment in college student loan decisions: Evidence from a debt letter experiment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 40(1), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0162373717734368
DuBay, W. (2007). The classic readability studies. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED506404.pdf
Federal Student Aid. (2020). Annual student loan acknowledgement: Preliminary implementation in late April 2020, borrower completion requirement delayed until 2021. https://ifap.ed.gov/electronic-announcements/032720ASLAPreliminImplementApr2020BorrowerCompletionRequireDelayUntil2021
Gunning, R. (1952). The technique of clear writing. McGraw-Hill.
The Institute for Higher Education Policy. (2008). Student aversion to borrowing: Who borrows and who doesn't. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503684.pdf
IU Newsroom. (2015a, June 25). Indiana University to host national summit on student financial wellness. Indiana University. Retrieved from http://archive.news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2015/06/financial-wellness-summit.shtml
IU Newsroom. (2015b, June 3). IU leader testifies about success of university's financial literacy efforts. Indiana University. Retrieved from http://archive.news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2015/06/financial-literacy-testimony.shtml
IU Newsroom. (2016b, March 11). MaryFrances McCourt awarded Indiana University President's Medal. Indiana University. Retrieved from http://archive.news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2016/03/mccourt-presidents-medal.shtml
IU Newsroom. (2016a, September 1). Indiana University initiatives continue to pay off in reduced student borrowing. Indiana University. Retrieved from http://archive.news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2016/09/student-loan-reductions.shtml
Johnson, C. L., Serido, J., Kiss, D. E., Evans, D., Head, L. S.-W., Tobe, E., & Bartholomae, S. (2018). Student loan repayment education: Multi-state texting intervention project. Consumer Interests Annual, 64, 1-6.
Kincaid, J. P., & Delionbach, L. J. (1973). Validation of the automated readability index: A follow-up. Human Factors, 15(1), 17-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872087301500103
Kincaid, J. P., Fishburne, R. P., Rogers, R. L., & Chissom, B. (1975, February). Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count, and Flesch reading ease formula) for Navy enlisted personnel (Research Report No. 8-75). US Department of Commerce. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a006655.pdf
Klepfer, K. (2015, February). Informed or overwhelmed? A legislative history of student loan counseling with a literature review on the efficacy of loan counseling. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED579985.pdf
Korn, M. (2017). College debt far from a uniform burden. https://www.wsj.com/articles/college-debt-far-from-a-uniform-burden-1505880001
Marx, B. M., & Turner, L. J. (2020). Paralysis by analysis? Effects of information on student loan take-up. Economics of Education Review, 77, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102010
Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design (3rd ed.). Sage.
McLaughlin, G. H. (1969). Clearing the SMOG. Journal of Reading, 13(3), 210-211. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ012666
McRobbie, M. (2018, October 16). Progress and growth in the last year of Indiana University's second century. Indiana University Office of the President: State of the University. Retrieved from: https://president.iu.edu/speeches/state-of-university/2018.html
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Use the data: Compare institutions. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/InstitutionByName.aspx?goToReportId=1
Oleander Software. (2020). Readability studio: An overview of readability formulas. https://www.oleandersolutions.com/readabilitystudio.html
Quinton, S. (2016b, May 24). Could this simple solution solve the student loan crisis? CNNMoney. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2016/05/24/pf/college/student-loan-letter/index.html
Quinton, S. (2016a, May 19). What happens when you warn students about their loan debt? https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2016/05/19/what-happens-when-you-warn-students-about-their-loan-debt
Stoddard, C., Urban, C., & Schmeiser, M. (2017). Can targeted information affect academic performance and borrowing behavior for college students? Evidence from administrative data. Economics of Education Review, 56(1), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.12.004
Taylor, Z. W. (2019a). Comprehending the cost: Are application fee waiver statements readable? Journal of College Orientation, Transition, and Retention, 26(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.24926/jcotr.v26i1.2113
Taylor, Z. W. (2019b). Six easy steps: Do aspiring college students understand how to apply for financial aid? Journal of Student Financial Aid, 48(3), 1-17. https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jsfa/vol48/iss3/1/
Taylor, Z. W., & Bicak, I. (2019). What is the FAFSA? An adult learner knowledge survey of student financial aid jargon. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 25(1), 94-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1477971418824607
Taylor, Z. W., & Holthaus, G. (2020). The promise of student loan debt letters: A critical and linguistic analysis. Political Economy: Budget, Deficit, & Debt, 13(25), 1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3585393
U.S. Department of Education. (2019). The college financing plan: Financial aid shopping sheet. https://www2.ed.gov/policy/highered/guid/aid-offer/index.html
Woodruff, M. (2015, May 6). 5 genius ways colleges are tackling the student debt crisis. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved from: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/5-genius-ways-colleges-are-tackling-the-student-debt-crisis-194429389.html
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Higher Education Politics and Economics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Unless otherwise noted, copyrights for the texts which comprise all issues of Higher Education Politics & Economics (HEPE) are held by the Journal. The compilation as a whole is Copyright © by HEPE, all rights reserved. Items published by HEPE may be freely shared among individuals, but they may NOT be republished in any medium without express written consent from the author(s) and advance notification of the HEPE editorial board. For permission to reprint articles published in the Journal, please contact the Editors-in-Chief.